Hot socket detection at an electric meter
Techniques for hot socket detection are disclosed. In an example, a meter includes a current transformer with a secondary bifilar winding. The meter is in proximity to a current coil. The secondary bifilar winding includes a first bifilar winding and a second bifilar winding. A start lead of the first bifilar winding is connected to a start lead of the second bifilar winding. The meter further includes a voltage source configured to generate a direct current (DC) voltage signal. The DC voltage signal is provided to a finish lead of the first bifilar winding. A first sense resistor is connected between a finish lead of the second bifilar winding and ground. A processing circuit receives a signal indicating a voltage across the first sense resistor and determines a temperature associated with the current coil. The processing circuit is further configured to detect a hot socket condition based on the temperature.
1. A meter comprising:
a current transformer including a primary winding, a secondary winding and a secondary bifilar winding, wherein the primary winding corresponds to a current coil, the secondary bifilar winding includes a first bifilar winding and a second bifilar winding connected in series, and a start lead of the first bifilar winding is connected to a start lead of the second bifilar winding;
a DC voltage source configured to generate a DC voltage signal, wherein the DC voltage signal generated by the DC voltage source is provided to a finish lead of the first bifilar winding as long as the meter is powered;
a first sense resistor connected between a finish lead of the second bifilar winding and ground, wherein a temperature coefficient of the first sense resistor is less than a temperature coefficient of a resistivity of a material of the first bifilar winding and the second bifilar winding; and
a processing circuit configured to:
receive an input that corresponds to a voltage across the first sense resistor;
use the voltage across the first sense resistor to determine a temperature associated with the current coil; and
when the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold, detect a hot socket condition.
2. The meter of claim 1 , further comprising an A/D converter, wherein an input of the A/D converter is connected to the first sense resistor and an output of the A/D converter is connected to the processing circuit and provides the input that corresponds to the voltage across the first sense resistor.
3. The meter of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second sense resistor connected between the secondary winding and ground,
wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:
receive an input that corresponds to a voltage across the second sense resistor; and
use the voltage across the second sense resistor to determine a current associated with the current coil.
4. The meter of claim 1 , wherein a resistance of the first sense resistor is greater than a resistance of the first bifilar winding and the second bifilar winding.
5. The meter of claim 1 , further comprising a communication circuit, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to communicate a message indicating the hot socket condition to a remote system via the communication circuit.
6. The meter of claim 5 , further comprising a service switch that controls a connection of the meter to a power source, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to control the service switch to disconnect the meter from the power source in response to receiving a message including a disconnect command via the communication circuit.
7. The meter of claim 1 , wherein the current coil corresponds to a first phase and a second current coil corresponds to a second phase, further comprising:
a second current transformer including a primary winding, a secondary winding and a secondary bifilar winding, wherein the primary winding of the second current transformer corresponds to the second current coil, and the secondary bifilar winding of the second current transformer includes a first bifilar winding and a second bifilar winding; and
a third sense resistor connected between a finish lead of the second bifilar winding of the second current transformer and ground,
wherein the processing circuit is configured to:
receive an input that corresponds to a voltage across the third sense resistor;
use the voltage across the third sense resistor to determine a temperature associated with the second current coil; and
when the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, detect the hot socket condition.
8. A meter comprising:
a current transformer including a primary winding, a secondary winding and a secondary bifilar winding, wherein the primary winding corresponds to a current coil, the secondary bifilar winding includes a first bifilar winding and a second bifilar winding connected in parallel, and a finish lead of the first bifilar winding is connected to a start lead of the second bifilar winding;
a DC voltage source configured to generate a DC voltage signal, wherein the DC voltage signal generated by the DC voltage source is provided to the start lead of the first bifilar winding and the finish lead of the second bifilar winding as long as the meter is powered;
a first sense resistor connected between a finish lead of the first bifilar winding and a start lead of the second bifilar winding and ground,
wherein a temperature coefficient of the first sense resistor is less than a temperature coefficient of a resistivity of a material of the first bifilar winding and the second bifilar winding; and
a processing circuit configured to:
receive an input that corresponds to a voltage across the first sense resistor;
use the voltage across the first sense resistor to determine a temperature associated with the current coil; and
when the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold, detect a hot socket condition.
9. The meter of claim 8 , further comprising an A/D converter, wherein an input of the A/D converter is connected to the first sense resistor and an output of the A/D converter is connected to the processing circuit and provides the input that corresponds to the voltage across the first sense resistor.
10. The meter of claim 8 , further comprising:
a second sense resistor connected between the secondary winding and ground,
wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:
receive an input that corresponds to a voltage across the second sense resistor; and
use the voltage across the second sense resistor to determine a current associated with the current coil.
11. The meter of claim 8 , wherein a resistance of the first sense resistor is greater than a resistance of the first bifilar winding and the second bifilar winding.
12. The meter of claim 8 , further comprising a communication circuit, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to communicate a message indicating the hot socket condition to a remote system via the communication circuit.
13. The meter of claim 12 , further comprising a service switch that controls a connection of the meter to a power source, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to control the service switch to disconnect the meter from the power source in response to receiving a message including a disconnect command via the communication circuit.
14. The meter of claim 8 , wherein the current coil corresponds to a first phase and a second current coil corresponds to a second phase, further comprising:
a second current transformer including a primary winding, a secondary winding and a secondary bifilar winding, wherein the primary winding of the second current transformer corresponds to the second current coil and the secondary bifilar winding of the second current transformer includes a first bifilar winding and a second bifilar winding; and
a third sense resistor connected between a finish lead of the second bifilar winding of the second current transformer and ground,
wherein the processing circuit is configured to:
receive an input that corresponds to a voltage across the third sense resistor;
use the voltage across the third sense resistor to determine a temperature associated with the second current coil; and
when the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, detect the hot socket condition.
15. A meter comprising:
a current transformer including a primary winding, a secondary winding and a secondary bifilar winding, wherein the primary winding corresponds to a current coil, the secondary bifilar winding includes a first bifilar winding and a second bifilar winding, and a start lead of the first bifilar winding is connected to a start lead of the second bifilar winding;
a DC voltage source configured to generate a DC voltage signal, wherein the DC voltage signal generated by the DC voltage source is provided to a finish lead of the first bifilar winding as long as the meter is powered;
a first sense resistor connected between a finish lead of the second bifilar winding and ground, wherein a temperature coefficient of the first sense resistor is less than a temperature coefficient of a resistivity of a material of the first bifilar winding and the second bifilar winding;
an A/D converter connected between the first sense resistor and an input of a processing circuit; and
the processing circuit configured to:
receive a signal from the A/D converter that corresponds to a voltage across the first sense resistor;
use the signal from the A/D converter to determine a temperature associated with the current coil; and
when the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold, detect a hot socket condition.
16. The meter of claim 15 , further comprising:
a second sense resistor connected between the secondary winding and ground,
wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:
receive an input that corresponds to a voltage across the second sense resistor; and
use the voltage across the second sense resistor to determine a current associated with the current coil.
17. The meter of claim 15 , wherein a resistance of the first sense resistor is greater than a resistance of the first bifilar winding and the second bifilar winding.
18. The meter of claim 15 , further comprising a communication circuit, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to communicate a message indicating the hot socket condition to a remote system via the communication circuit.
19. The meter of claim 18 , further comprising a service switch that controls a connection of the meter to a power source, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to control the service switch to disconnect the meter from the power source in response to receiving a message including a disconnect command via the communication circuit.