Genetic loci associated with response to abiotic stress
Compositions and methods useful in identifying and counter-selecting maize plants with having enhanced yield-related traits relative to control plants under abiotic stress conditions such as salt stress and/or drought are provided herein. The methods use molecular genetic markers to identify, select and/or construct salt stress tolerant and/or drought tolerant maize plants. Also provided are methods to enhance tolerance to salt stress and/or drought in crop plants by transforming crop plants with the Zea mays antiporter/sodium ion transporter or by introducing favorable allelic variants of the Zea mays antiporter/sodium ion transporter gene via gene editing.
1. A method of identifying a maize plant with decreased tolerance to salt stress and/or drought, said method comprising:
a. detecting in a maize plant a QTL allele associated with decreased tolerance to salt stress and/or drought, wherein said QTL allele comprises a 4 bp deletion in the antiporter/sodium ion transporter gene at nucleotides 3311-3314 of SEQ ID NO:15; and
b. identifying the maize plant as having the 4 bp deletion, wherein said maize plant has decreased tolerance to salt stress and/or drought; and
c. counter-selecting the maize plant from a breeding program.
2. A method of identifying a maize plant with tolerance to salt stress and/or drought, said method comprising:
a. detecting in the genome of a maize plant any of the following:
i. a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:16;
ii. a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:16 that has antiporter/sodium ion transporter activity; or
iii. one or more marker alleles within 5 cM of (i) or (ii) that are linked to and associated with (i) or (ii);
b. identifying a maize plant as having tolerance to salt stress and/or drought if any of (i), (ii), or (iii) is detected, wherein said salt stress comprises soil having an electrical conductivity of at least about 2 dS/m;
c. selecting the maize plant comprising any of (i), (ii), or (iii) and identified as having salt stress and/or drought tolerance; and
d. breeding with the selected maize plant.
3. A method of identifying an allelic variant of an antiporter/sodium ion transporter gene wherein said allelic variant is associated with increased tolerance to salt stress and/or drought in a maize plant, the method comprising the steps of:
a. obtaining a population of maize plants, wherein said maize plants exhibit differing levels of salt tolerance and/or drought tolerance and wherein said plants have been genotyped, wherein said salt stress comprises soil having an electrical conductivity of at least about 2 dS/m;
b. determining allelic variations of a polynucleotide sequence encoding a protein having an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to comprising SEQ ID NO:16 in the population of genotyped maize plants;
c. associating allelic variations with increased tolerance to salt stress and/or drought;
d. identifying an allelic variant that is associated with increased tolerance to salt stress and/or drought in a maize plant;
e. detecting in a maize plant the presence of the allelic variant associated with increased tolerance to salt stress and/or drought;
f. selecting the maize plant with the allelic variant; and
g. breeding with the selected maize plant.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said salt stress comprises soil having an electrical conductivity of at least about 2 dS/m.