Compositions and methods for the treatment of liver diseases and disorders associated with one or both of hyperammonemia or muscle wasting

1. A method of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition, the method comprising:

a) providing a plurality of starting materials, the starting materials comprising:

i) a Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) entity chosen from a leucine amino acid entity, an isoleucine amino acid entity, a valine amino acid entity, or a combination of two or three BCAA entities;

ii) a Urea Cycle Amino Acid (UCAA) entity chosen from an ornithine amino acid entity chosen from L-ornithine or a salt thereof or dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-ornithine, citrulline, or a combination of any thereof; an aspartate amino acid entity; or a combination of two UCAA entities; and

iii) an essential amino acid (EAA) entity chosen from a histidine amino acid entity, a lysine amino acid entity, or a threonine amino acid entity or a combination of two or three EAA entities;

wherein:

1) at least one amino acid entity of (i)-(iii) is not provided as a peptide of more than 20 amino acid residues in length;

2) the total weight (wt.) % of (i)-(iii) is greater than the total wt. % of non-protein components or other protein components in the composition on a dry weight basis;

3) one or two of tyrosine or glutamine, if present, is present at less than 1 wt. % of the total wt. of the composition on a dry weight basis; and

4) two or three of phenylalanine, methionine, or tryptophan are absent from the composition;

b) blending the plurality of starting materials; and

c) evaluating at least one of blend uniformity, amino acid entity content, or both of the blended starting materials, thereby manufacturing the pharmaceutical composition.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of starting materials are in dry form.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the starting materials is agglomerated and/or instantized prior to blending.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the BCAA, UCAA, and EAA entities are pharmaceutical grade.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of starting materials meets a reference standard set by an agency selected from Federal Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), SwissMedic, China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), or Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA).

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring the pharmaceutical composition for contamination.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises less than 10% w/w of a contaminant.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein a level of a contaminant in the manufactured pharmaceutical composition is lower than a permitted level for food.

9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises less than 1% w/w of a contaminant.

10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition does not comprise a contaminant.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising filling one or more stick packs or unit dosage forms with the pharmaceutical composition.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 35 wt. % of the total wt. of the pharmaceutical composition in dry form is three, four, five, six, seven, or eight amino acid entities in (i)-(iii) of the plurality of starting materials in one or both of free amino acid form or salt amino acid form.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

i) the wt. % of the BCAA entities of the plurality of starting materials is at least 37 wt. % of the total wt. of amino acid entities in the pharmaceutical composition in dry form;

ii) the wt. % of the UCAA entities of the plurality of starting materials is at least 25 wt. % of the total wt. of amino acid entities in the pharmaceutical composition in dry form; or

iii) the wt. % of the EAA entities of the plurality of starting materials is at least 16 wt. % of the total wt. of amino acid entities in the pharmaceutical composition in dry form.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein a wt. ratio of the BCAA entity or BCAA entities:the UCAA entity or UCAA entities:the EAA entity or EAA entities of the plurality of starting materials is 20+/−15%:15+/−15%:9+/−15%, where the ratios are determined based on an equivalent amount of each amino acid in free form.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein three, four, five, six, or seven amino acid entities in (i)-(iii) of the plurality of starting materials are selected as follows:

1) the leucine amino acid entity is selected from: L-Leucine, Oxo-leucine (α-ketoisocaproate (KIC)), HMB (β-hydroxyβ-methylbutyrate), Isovaleryl-CoA, or N-Acetyl-Leucine;

2) the isoleucine amino acid entity is selected from: L-Isoleucine, 2-Oxo-3-methyl-valerate (α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid (KMV)), Methylbutyrl-CoA, or N-Acetyl-Isoleucine;

3) the valine amino acid entity is selected from: L-Valine, 2-Oxo-valerate (α-ketoisovalerate (KIV)), Isobutryl-CoA, or N-Acetyl-Valine;

4) the ornithine amino acid entity is selected from: L-ornithine or salt thereof or citrulline;

5) the aspartate amino acid entity is selected from: L-Aspartate, Fumarate, or Adenylosuccinate;

6) the histidine amino acid entity is selected from: L-Histidine, Histidinol, Histidinal, Ribose-5-phosphate, Carnosine, Histamine, Urocanate, or N-Acetyl-Histidine;

7) the lysine amino acid entity is selected from: L-Lysine, Diaminopimelate, Trimethylhistidine, Carnitine, Saccharopine, N-Acetyl-Lysine, or L-Lysine Acetate; or

8) the threonine amino acid entity is selected from: L-Threonine, Homoserine, O-PhosphoHomoserine, Oxobutyrate, or N-Acetyl-Threonine.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of starting materials comprises:

a) the leucine amino acid entity of (i), which is chosen from:

i) L-leucine or a salt thereof,

ii) a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-leucine, or

iii) β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) or a salt thereof;

b) one or both of:

i) the ornithine amino acid entity of (ii), which is L-ornithine or a salt thereof or a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-ornithine; or

ii) the aspartate amino acid entity of (ii), which is L-aspartate or a salt thereof or a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-aspartate; and

c) the EAA entity of (iii), which is chosen from:

i) L-histidine or a salt thereof,

ii) a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-histidine,

iii) L-lysine or a salt thereof,

iv) a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-lysine,

v) L-threonine or a salt thereof, or

vi) a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-threonine.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of starting materials further comprises one or both of an isoleucine amino acid entity or a valine amino acid entity.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the isoleucine amino acid-entity is L-isoleucine or a salt thereof or a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-isoleucine.

19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the valine amino acid entity is L-valine or a salt thereof or a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-valine.

20. The method of claim 17 , wherein a wt. ratio of the leucine amino acid entity:the isoleucine amino acid entity:the valine amino acid entity:the ornithine amino acid entity:the aspartate amino acid entity:the histidine amino acid entity:the threonine amino acid entity:the lysine amino acid entity is 8+/−20%:4+/−20%:8+/−20%:7.5+/−20%:7.5+/−20%: 3+/−20%:3+/−20%:3+/−20%, where the ratios are determined based on an equivalent amount of each amino acid in free form.

21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of starting materials comprise: L-leucine or a salt thereof, L-isoleucine or a salt thereof, L-valine or a salt thereof, L-ornithine or a salt thereof, L-aspartate or a salt thereof, L-histidine or a salt thereof, L-threonine or a salt thereof, and L-lysine or a salt thereof.

22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of starting materials further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

23. The method of claim 1 , wherein a wt. ratio of the leucine amino acid entity:the isoleucine amino acid entity:the valine amino acid entity:the ornithine amino acid entity:the aspartate amino acid entity:the histidine amino acid entity:the threonine amino acid entity:the lysine amino acid entity is 8+/−20%:4+/−20%:8+/−20%:7.5+/−20%:7.5+/−20%: 3+/−20%:3+/−20%:3+/−20%, where the ratios are determined based on an equivalent amount of each amino acid in free form.

24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wt. % of the leucine amino acid entity, isoleucine amino acid entity, and valine amino acid entity is greater than the wt. % of the ornithine amino acid entity.

25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wt. % of the leucine amino acid entity, isoleucine amino acid entity, valine amino acid entity, and ornithine amino acid entity is greater than the wt. % of the EAA or the combination or two or three EAAs.