Molten metal fuel buffer in fission reactor and method of manufacture
Fission reactor has a cladding encasing a heat generating source including a fissionable nuclear fuel composition. The heat generating source is offset from the surface of the cladding and molten metal is located within the void space formed by the offset. As a liquid, the molten metal will flow and occupy any contiguous network of void space within the fuel cavity and provides thermal transfer contact between the heat generating source and the cladding. The cladding separates the heat generating source and the molten metal from the primary coolant volume.
1. A fission reactor, comprising:
a plurality of heat generating sources, wherein each of the heat generating sources includes a fissionable nuclear fuel composition;
a plurality of primary coolant volumes through which a primary coolant is flowable during operation of the fission reactor;
a cladding encasing each of the plurality of heat generating sources; and
a molten metal,
wherein, for each of the plurality of heat generating sources:
the cladding has a first side oriented toward the heat generating source,
the cladding has a second side including a first portion oriented toward a first primary coolant volume and a second portion oriented toward a second primary coolant volume, and
the molten metal is in thermal transfer contact with the heat generating source and the first side of the cladding, and
wherein, in a cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the fission reactor, the cladding encasing each of the plurality of heat generating sources has a shape of a cross-section of a hyperboloid of one sheet.
2. The fission reactor according to claim 1 , wherein, for each of the plurality of heat generating sources, a space is between the heat generating source and the first side of the cladding, and wherein the molten metal occupies at least a portion of the space.
3. The fission reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the space is located at a portion of a periphery of the heat generating source.
4. The fission reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the space is located at an entire periphery of the heat generating source.
5. The fission reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the space is located at a portion of a periphery of the heat generating source and wherein at least a portion of the heat generating source is in thermal transfer contact with the cladding.
6. The fission reactor according to claim 1 , wherein, in the cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fission reactor:
the cladding encasing each of the plurality of heat generating sources has an encasing length, and
a length of the cladding containing the first portion of the second side and a length of the cladding containing the second portion of the second side are less than the encasing length.
7. The fission reactor according to claim 6 , wherein, in the cross section, the shape of each of the primary coolant volumes is defined by the first portion of the second side of the cladding and the second portion of the second side of the cladding.
8. The fission reactor according to claim 7 , wherein in the cross section, a longitudinal axis of each of the plurality of the primary coolant volumes is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fission reactor.
9. The fission reactor according to claim 8 , wherein, in the cross section, the shape of each of the primary coolant volumes is a circle.
10. The fission reactor according to claim 5 , wherein the molten metal is sodium (Na), sodium-potassium (NaK), potassium (K), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), lead-bismuth (Pb—Bi), tin-lead (Sn—Pb), or tin (Sn).
11. The fission reactor according to claim 10 , wherein at least the heat generating source and the cladding are an integral, unitary structure.
12. The fission reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the cladding containing the first portion and the second portion separates the molten metal from the primary coolant.
13. The fission reactor according to claim 1 , wherein, in a cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the fission reactor, a shape of each of the primary coolant volumes is at least partially defined by the first portion of the second side of the cladding and the second portion of the second side of the cladding.
14. The fission reactor according to claim 13 , wherein the shape of each of the primary coolant volumes is a circle.
15. The fission reactor according to claim 14 , wherein a longitudinal axis of each of the plurality of the primary coolant volumes is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fission reactor.
16. The fission reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the molten metal is sodium (Na), sodium-potassium (NaK), potassium (K), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), lead-bismuth (Pb—Bi), tin-lead (Sn—Pb), or tin (Sn).
17. The fission reactor according to claim 1 , wherein at least the heat generating source and the cladding are an integral, unitary structure.
18. The fission reactor according to claim 2 , wherein a first heat generating source of the plurality of heat generating sources is adjacent a second heat generating source of the plurality of heat generating sources, and
wherein the first primary coolant volume of the plurality of primary coolant volumes occupies a flow space defined by the first portion of the second side of the cladding of the first heat generating source and the second portion of the second side of the cladding of the second heat generating source.
19. The fission reactor according to claim 18 , wherein, in the cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fission reactor, a shape of the flow space is a circle.
20. The fission reactor according to claim 19 , wherein a space is between the heat generating source and the first side of the cladding, and wherein the molten metal occupies at least a portion of the space.
21. The fission reactor according to claim 20 , wherein the space is located at a first portion of a periphery of the heat generating source, and wherein at least a second portion of the heat generating source is in thermal transfer contact with the cladding.
22. The fission reactor according to claim 21 , wherein the molten metal is sodium (Na), sodium-potassium (NaK), potassium (K), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), lead-bismuth (Pb—Bi), tin-lead (Sn—Pb), or tin (Sn).