Photosensors arranged on a surface of a scintillator
A radiation detector can include a scintillator having opposing end surfaces and a plurality of discrete photosensors disposed on an end surface of the scintillator. In an embodiment, the photosensors are disposed at the corners or along the peripheral edge of the end surface, as opposed to being disposed at the center of the end surface. In an embodiment, the plurality of discrete photosensors may cover at most 80% of a surface area of the end surface of the scintillator and may not cover a center of the end surface of the scintillator. In a further embodiment, an aspect ratio of the monolithic scintillator can be selected to improve energy resolution.
1. A radiation detector comprising:
a scintillator having a first surface; and
a photosensor system comprising a discrete photosensor disposed on the first surface such that a shortest distance from a peripheral edge of the discrete photosensor to a nearest peripheral edge of the first surface is at most 10% of a shortest distance from the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface to a center point of the first surface, and at least one of the following:
the photosensor system occupies a cumulative area of at most 80% of a surface area of the first surface, and
the photosensor system does not occupy any area within a distance of the center point of the first surface that is 10% of the distance from the center point of the first surface to the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface.
2. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the shortest distance from the peripheral edge of the discrete photosensor to the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface is at most 2% of the shortest distance from the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface to the center point of the first surface.
3. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the shortest distance from the peripheral edge of the discrete photosensor to the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface is at most 3 mm.
4. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the scintillator is a polyhedral scintillator.
5. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the first surface has a corner and the discrete photosensor is disposed at the corner of the first surface.
6. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the photosensor system includes a plurality of discrete photosensors disposed on the first surface.
7. The radiation detector of claim 6 , wherein the first surface has a plurality of corners and peripheral edges connecting the corners, and the plurality of discrete photosensors are only disposed at the corners of the first surface.
8. The radiation detector of claim 6 , wherein the first surface has a plurality of corners and peripheral edges connecting the corners, and the plurality of discrete photosensors are disposed at each of the corners and along the peripheral edges of the first surface.
9. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein:
the scintillator has a second surface opposite the first surface;
the photosensor system includes a first plurality of discrete photosensors disposed on the first surface and a second plurality of discrete photosensors disposed on the second surface; and
the first and second plurality of discrete photosensors are disposed on the first and second surfaces, respectively, in the same arrangement.
10. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the scintillator has a second surface opposite the first surface, and a total active area of the a plurality of discrete photosensors disposed on the second surface is at most 80% of a surface area of the second surface.
11. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the scintillator has a length L measured from the first surface to a second surface opposite the first surface, the scintillator has an aspect ratio of at least 1.2, the aspect ratio being equal to the length L of the scintillator divided by an average width W S of the first surface.
12. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the scintillator has a length L measured from the first surface to a second surface opposite the first surface, the scintillator has an aspect ratio of at most 7, the aspect ratio being equal to the length L of the scintillator divided by an average width W S of the first surface.
13. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the scintillator has a length L measured from the first surface to a second surface opposite the first surface, the scintillator has an aspect ratio in a range of 1.4 to 6.5, the aspect ratio being equal to the length L of the scintillator divided by a width W S of the first surface.
14. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein an optical window is disposed between the scintillator and the photosensor system.
15. A radiation detection apparatus comprising:
the radiation detector of claim 1 , and
an analyzer device electrically coupled to the photosensor,
wherein the radiation detection apparatus includes one of a security detection apparatus, a well-logging detection apparatus, a gamma ray spectroscopy apparatus, an isotope identification apparatus, Single Positron Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT) analysis apparatus, a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) analysis apparatus, and an x-ray imaging apparatus.
16. A radiation detector comprising:
a monolithic scintillator having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the monolithic scintillator has a length L is measured from the first surface to the second surface; and
a photosensor system including a plurality of discrete photosensors disposed on the first surface and partially covering the first surface of the monolithic scintillator,
wherein the monolithic scintillator has an aspect ratio in a range of 1.4 to 6.5, the aspect ratio being equal to the length L of the scintillator divided by a width W S of the first surface, and the plurality of discrete photosensors are optically coupled only to the monolithic scintillator.
17. The radiation detector of claim 16 , wherein the first surface has a corner and a particular discrete photosensor of the plurality of discrete photosensors is disposed at the corner of the first surface.
18. The radiation detector of claim 16 , wherein the first surface has a plurality of corners and peripheral edges connecting the corners, and the plurality of discrete photosensors are only disposed at the corners of the first surface.
19. The radiation detector of claim 16 , wherein first surface has a plurality of corners and peripheral edges connecting the corners, and the plurality of discrete photosensors are disposed at each of the corners and along the peripheral edges of the first surface.
20. A radiation detector comprising:
a scintillator having a first surface;
a photosensor system comprising a discrete photosensor; and
an optical window disposed between the first surface of the scintillator and the photosensor,
wherein the photosensor is disposed such that a shortest distance from a peripheral edge of the discrete photosensor to a nearest peripheral edge of the first surface is at most 10% of a shortest distance from the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface to a center point of the first surface, and at least one of the following:
the photosensor system occupies a cumulative area of at most 80% of a surface area of the first surface, and
the photosensor system does not occupy any area within a distance of the center point of the first surface that is 10% of the distance from the center point of the first surface to the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface.
21. The radiation detector of claim 20, wherein the optical window comprises a polymer film, a mineral glass, a sapphire, an aluminum oxynitride, a spinel, or any combination thereof.
22. The radiation detector of claim 20, wherein the shortest distance from the peripheral edge of the discrete photosensor to the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface is at most 2% of the shortest distance from the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface to the center point of the first surface.
23. The radiation detector of claim 20, wherein the shortest distance from the peripheral edge of the discrete photosensor to the nearest peripheral edge of the first surface is at most 3 mm.
24. The radiation detector of claim 20, wherein the scintillator is a polyhedral scintillator.
25. The radiation detector of claim 20, wherein the scintillator has a second surface opposite the first surface, and a total active area of the a plurality of discrete photosensors disposed on the second surface is at most 80% of a surface area of the second surface.
26. The radiation detector of claim 20, wherein the scintillator has a length L measured from the first surface to a second surface opposite the first surface, the scintillator has an aspect ratio of at least 1.2, the aspect ratio being equal to the length L of the scintillator divided by an average width W S of the first surface.
27. The radiation detector of claim 20, wherein the scintillator has a length L measured from the first surface to a second surface opposite the first surface, the scintillator has an aspect ratio of at most 7, the aspect ratio being equal to the length L of the scintillator divided by an average width W S of the first surface.
28. The radiation detector of claim 1, wherein the scintillator has a length L measured from the first surface to a second surface opposite the first surface, the scintillator has an aspect ratio in a range of 1.4 to 6.5, the aspect ratio being equal to the length L of the scintillator divided by a width W S of the first surface.
29. A radiation detector comprising:
a monolithic scintillator having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the monolithic scintillator has a length L is measured from the first surface to the second surface; and
a photosensor system including a plurality of discrete photosensors, and an optical window disposed between the first surface of the monolithic scintillator and at least one of the plurality of discrete photosensors,
wherein the monolithic scintillator has an aspect ratio in a range of 1.4 to 6.5, the aspect ratio being equal to the length L of the scintillator divided by a width W S of the first surface, and the plurality of discrete photosensors are optically coupled only to the monolithic scintillator.
30. The radiation detector of claim 29, wherein the optical window comprises a polymer film, a mineral glass, a sapphire, an aluminum oxynitride, a spinel, or any combination thereof.