Uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase circular permutants
The invention provides methods for making steviol glycosides, including RebM and glycosylation products that are minor products in stevia leaves, and provides enzymes, encoding polynucleotides, and host cells for use in these methods. The invention provides engineered enzymes and engineered host cells for producing steviol glycosylation products, such as RebM, at high purity and/or yield. The invention further provides methods of making products containing steviol glycosides, such as RebM, including food products, beverages, oral care products, sweeteners, and flavoring products.
1. A polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence that is a circular permutant of a wild-type plant UGT enzyme, the wild-type plant UGT enzyme comprising an N-terminal substrate-binding domain that binds a terpenoid sugar acceptor and a C-terminal UDP-glucose binding domain, and the polypeptide comprising from 0 to 50 amino acid substitutions, deletions, and/or insertions with respect to the corresponding wild-type position, wherein the circular permutant has an N-terminus that corresponds to a position from 150 to 300 of the wild-type enzyme and has UDP-dependent glycosylation activity of a terpenoid substrate.
2. The polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide has a conserved plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif, the PSPG motif having the consensus sequence WXXQXXXLXHXXXGXFXXHXGXXSXXEXXXXGXPXXXXXXXXXQ (SEQ ID NO: 65).
3. The polypeptide of claim 2 , wherein the polypeptide is a circular permutant of a plant GT1 UDP glycosyltransferase.
4. The polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide is a circular permutant of SrUGT85C2 (SEQ ID NO:1), OsUGT1-2 (SEQ ID NO:7), SrUGT91D2 (SEQ ID NO:5), SrUGT74G1 (SEQ ID NO:2), or SrUGT76G1 (SEQ ID NO:3).
5. The polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the N-terminus of the polypeptide corresponds to a position in a loop between two adjacent secondary structure elements of the wild-type UGT enzyme.
6. The polypeptide of claim 5 , wherein the polypeptide further comprises a peptide linker of from 4 to 25 amino acids linking N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids of the wild-type UGT enzyme.
7. The polypeptide of claim 6 , wherein the peptide linker forms a loop.
8. The polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide has from 1 to about 30 amino acid modifications independently selected from amino acid substitutions, deletions, or insertions with respect to corresponding positions of the wild-type enzyme.
9. The polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein N-terminal Met of the wild-type enzyme is maintained at the corresponding position of the polypeptide.
10. A host cell expressing a recombinant UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme that is a circular permutant of a wild-type plant GT1 UGT enzyme, the wild-type plant UGT enzyme comprising an N-terminal substrate-binding domain that binds a sugar acceptor and a C-terminal UDP-glucose binding domain, and which polypeptide comprises from 0 to 30 amino acid modifications independently selected from amino acid substitutions, deletions, and insertions with respect to the corresponding wild-type position, wherein the circular permutant has an N-terminus that corresponds to a position from 150 to 300 of the wild-type enzyme and has UDP-dependent glycosylation activity of a terpenoid substrate.
11. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the polypeptide has a conserved plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif, the PSPG motif having the consensus sequence WXXQXXXLXHXXXGXFXXHXGXXSXXEXXXXGXPXXXXXXXXXQ (SEQ ID NO: 65).
12. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the polypeptide is a circular permutant of SrUGT85C2 (SEQ ID NO:1), OsUGT1-2 (SEQ ID NO:7), SrUGT91D2 (SEQ ID NO:5), SrUGT74G1 (SEQ ID NO:2), or SrUGT76G1 (SEQ ID NO:3).
13. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the N-terminus of the polypeptide corresponds to a position between two local secondary structure elements of the wild-type UGT enzyme.
14. The host cell of claim 13 , wherein the polypeptide further comprises a peptide linker of from 4 to 25 amino acids linking N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids of the wild-type UGT enzyme.
15. The host cell of claim 14 , wherein the peptide linker forms a loop.
16. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the host cell is prokaryotic.
17. The host cell of claim 16 , wherein the host cell is a bacterial cell selected from E. coli, Bacillus subtillus , or Pseudomonas putida.
18. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the host cell is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris , or Yarrowia lipolytica.
19. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the host cell further comprises one or more genetic modifications increasing the availability of UDP-glucose.
20. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the host cell further comprises one of more genetic modifications that increase importation of sucrose into the cell, and convert the sucrose to fructose and glucose.
21. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the host cell one or more genetic modifications that alter primary metabolism such that biomass is synthesized using fructose as carbon source, leaving glucose to be funneled towards UDP-glucose biosynthesis.
22. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the host cell further comprises one or more genetic modifications selected from ΔgalE, ΔgalT, ΔgalK, ΔgalM, ΔushA, Δagp, Δpgm, duplication of E coli GALU, and expression of Bacillus substillus UGPA, BaSP.
23. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the host cell produces a sugar acceptor substrate for glycosylation by the polypeptide.
24. The host cell of claim 10 , wherein the host cells expresses a plurality of UGT enzymes.