Biased neuromodulation lead and method of using same
A neuromodulation lead that is biased towards a substantially omega shape when fully deployed is provided. The neuromodulation lead includes a left set of electrodes disposed on a left portion of the lead body of the neuromodulation lead and a right set of electrodes disposed on a right portion of the lead body of the neuromodulation lead. The neuromodulation lead can be positioned in the plane between the genioglossus muscle and the geniohyoid muscle.
1. A neuromodulation device comprising:
a neuromodulation lead comprising:
a lead body having a left portion, a right portion, and an intermediate portion therebetween,
a left set of electrodes disposed on the left portion of the lead body, and
a right set of electrodes disposed on the right portion of the lead body,
wherein the left set of electrodes and the right set of electrodes are oriented along a plane and are configured to align with left nerve branches and right nerve branches of a hypoglossal nerve, respectively, when the neuromodulation device is implanted in a patient, and
wherein the intermediate portion comprises a preformed bend such that the intermediate portion is outside of the plane, and such that when the lead body is placed between a geniohyoid muscle and a genioglossus muscle in a patient with the intermediate portion arranged inferior to the left set of electrodes and the right set of electrodes, the intermediate portion is configured to push the left set of electrodes and the right set of electrodes further cranially into the genioglossus muscle; and
a connector having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end of the connector is coupled to the lead body; and
an antenna electrically coupled to the neuromodulation lead via the connector,
wherein the lead body has a proximal portion and a distal portion, the proximal portion extending between the distal end of the connector and the distal portion, and the distal portion comprising the left, right, and intermediate portions and the left and right electrode sets.
2. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the locations of the left and right sets of electrodes on the respective left and right portions of the lead body are based on the locations of respective left and right stimulation target sites comprising the hypoglossal nerve trunk, distal branches of the hypoglossal nerve, or both.
3. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the locations of the left and right sets of electrodes on the respective left and right portions of the lead body are based on the locations of respective left and right stimulation sites comprising nerve branches that innervate horizontal fibers within the genioglossus muscle, nerve branches that innervate oblique fibers within the genioglossus muscle, or both.
4. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , further comprising an ultrasound marker disposed on the lead body.
5. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 ,
wherein the antenna is configured to produce an induced current in response to being disposed in an electromagnetic field, the antenna comprising a substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface, an upper coil comprising a plurality of coil turns disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, and a lower coil comprising a plurality of coil turns disposed on the lower surface of the substrate, wherein the upper and lower coils are electrically connected to each other in parallel.
6. The neuromodulation device of claim 5 , further comprising electronics operably coupled to the antenna and configured to control the application of stimulation energy via one or more of the electrodes, wherein the antenna is configured to supply electrical current to the electronics to power the electronics.
7. The neuromodulation device of claim 6 , wherein the antenna comprises a flexible circuit board, the upper and lower coils being etched from conductive layers laminated onto the substrate, wherein the electronics comprise one or more electronic components mounted on a portion of the flexible circuit board, wherein the flexible circuit board is configured to electrically connect the one or more electronic components to the antenna.
8. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the lead body, connector, and antenna are configured to be implanted at a submental region of a human patient.
9. The neuromodulation device of claim 1 , wherein the proximal portion of the lead body is configured to fold over itself when the neuromodulation device is implanted.