Compounds affecting pigment production and methods for treatment of bacterial diseases
Provided herein are compounds, derivatives thereof, composition comprising one or more of said compounds and derivatives, and methods for prevention and/or treatment of microbial infections and/or related diseases or conditions. The present compounds and/or derivatives thereof can be represented by Formula (II): The present methods include administering to a subject an effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula (II). In one embodiment, said microbial infections are bacterial infections. More specifically, said bacterial infections are staphylococcal infections.
1. A method of treating and/or preventing microbial infections in a subject comprising:
administering to the subject a composition comprising one or more compounds of Formula (II):
and prodrugs thereof,
wherein R1 is selected from:
wherein R3 and R4 are independently or jointly selected from the group consisting of H; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; (C 1-4 ) alkyl comprising methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl; (C 2-4 ) alkenyl comprising ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, where a double bond is optionally located at any position in the alkenyl carbon chain, and any alkenyl conformational isomers thereof; alkynyl; and acetyl,
X is selected from N or C,
A is single bond or double bond, and
wherein R2 is selected from:
wherein R6 and R7 are independently or jointly selected from O or absent;
R8 and R9 are independently or jointly selected from the group consisting of heteroalkyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; cycloalkyl; cycloalkenyl; cycloalkynyl; and tetrahydroquinolinyl,
or R8 and R9 are optionally bonded together to form a four-, five-, or six-membered heterocyclyl, cycloalkenyl, or cycloalkyl, and
Z is selected from C or S.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered to reduce a virulence of bacteria causing the microbial infections and/or related disease or conditions in said subject.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises one or more pharmaceutical acceptable carrier, salt, ester, excipient, vehicle, solvent, diluent, or any combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds and/or the derivatives thereof are anti-virulent agents for bacteria.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the one or more compounds comprising:
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbial infections and/or related diseases or conditions comprise infections of the skin and soft tissue, bone and joint, surgical wound, indwelling devices, lung and heart valves.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbial infections are bacterial infections.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the bacterial infections comprise Staphylococcus sp. infections.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the Staphylococcus sp. comprises Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition inhibits biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin in the Staphylococcus aureus.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition blocks pigments production in Staphylococcus aureus.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is a mammal.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is human.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered to the subject in need thereof through oral pathways in one or more forms comprising capsule, tablet, granule, spray, and/or syrup.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered to the subject in need thereof through non-oral pathways in one or more forms comprising an aqueous suspension, an oily preparation, a drip, suppository, salve, and/or ointment.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, or topically, or via controlled released formulations, depot formulations, and infusion pump delivery to the subject in need thereof.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition increases sensitivity and/or susceptibility of microbes causing said microbial infections and/or related diseases or conditions to oxidation and neutrophil killing.