Systems and methods for producing fuel intermediates

1. A method comprising:

pyrolyzing a biomass in a pyrolysis reactor to produce a pyrolysis oil;

a first upgrading of the pyrolysis oil in a fluidized bed to yield a first upgraded pyrolysis oil;

recycling at least a portion of the first upgraded pyrolysis oil;

mixing the portion of the first upgraded pyrolysis oil with a petroleum-derived oil to form a mixture;

separating from the mixture a light phase from a heavy phase; and

a second upgrading of at least one of the light phase or the first upgraded pyrolysis oil in the fluidized bed reactor to form a second upgraded pyrolysis oil, wherein:

the light phase has a first composition comprising less than about 7 wt % oxygenates; and

the pyrolysis oil is in at least one of a liquid phase or a vapor phase.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first upgrading is performed at a first temperature between 450° C. and 600° C.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first upgrading is performed at a pressure between 1.0 atmosphere and 3.0 atmospheres.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first upgrading is performed using a zeolite that has an average bulk density between 0.80 g/cm3 and 1.00 g/cm3.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the zeolite comprises at least 50 wt % HZSM-5.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the zeolite has an average particle size between 60 μm to 100 μm.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises at least one of an agricultural waste, a forest waste, or a municipal waste.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises at least one of a hardwood, a softwood, or a grass.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the first upgraded pyrolysis oil has a second composition comprising:

an aromatics concentration between about 45 wt % and about 57 wt %, wherein:

between about 27 wt % and about 31 wt % of the aromatics are 1-ring aromatics, and

between about 61 wt % and about 65 wt % of the aromatics are 2-ring aromatics.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein

the second composition further comprises

an oxygenates concentration between about 38 wt % and 48 wt %, wherein:

between about 26 wt % and about 31 wt % of the oxygenates are a phenolic, and

the phenolic comprises at least one of between about 41 wt % and about 44% phenol, or

between about 17 wt % and about 40 wt % methylphenol.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing is completed at a ratio of the portion of the first upgraded pyrolysis oil to the petroleum-derived oil between 0:1 and 1000:1.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the second upgraded pyrolysis oil has a third composition comprising:

an aromatics concentration between about 45 wt % and about 52 wt %, wherein:

between about 60 wt % and about 63 wt % of the aromatics are 1 -ring aromatics, and

between about 34 wt % and about 37 wt % of the aromatics are 2-ring aromatics.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the 1-ring aromatics comprise:

about 0 wt % benzene;

between about 6 wt % and about 7 wt % toluene, and about 17 wt % xylene.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the light phase has a thirdfirst composition comprisingfurther comprises at least one of:

between about 52 wt % and about 57 wt % alkanes;

between about 15 wt % and about 18 wt % alkenes; or

between about 10 wt % and about 15 wt % aromatics.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the oxygenates comprise at least one of

between about 38 wt % and about 57 wt % of the oxygenates are linear ketones, or

between about 22 wt % and about 40 wt % of the oxygenates arc 1 ring aldehydes.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolyzing is performed in the pyrolysis reactor at a second temperature between 400° C. and 600° C.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the biomass has a residence time of less than five seconds in the pyrolysis reactor.