Electropermanent magnet array
An electropermanent magnet array is provided. The electropermanent magnet array includes one or more of a plurality of electropermanent magnets of common length, arranged in a parallel fashion, and a planar pole piece, coupled to the first ends of the plurality of electropermanent magnets. Each electropermanent magnet includes a first and a second end opposite the first end.
1. An electropermanent magnet array, comprising:
a plurality of electropermanent magnets of common length, arranged in a parallel fashion, each electropermanent magnet comprising a first and a second end opposite the first end; and
a planar pole piece, coupled to the first ends of the plurality of electropermanent magnets,
wherein each of the plurality of electropermanent magnets comprises:
a magnetically hard material section; and
an electrical conductor, comprising:
a plurality of stacked layers, wherein each layer comprises one of:
a plurality of planar full loops of conductive traces around each hard material section and bonded to an insulator film; and
a plurality of planar and serpentine half loops of conductive traces around each hard material section and bonded to the insulator film.
2. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electropermanent magnets are arranged as a two-dimensional array.
3. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 1 , wherein the
electrical conductor is spirally coiled around the hard material section.
4. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 1 , wherein the magnetically hard material section comprises one of alnico, neodymium, and samarium cobalt, wherein the pole piece comprises one of Hiperco, Permalloy, electrical steel, and amorphous metal alloy material.
5. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electropermanent magnets are configured to be magnetically polarized in a first direction, magnetically polarized in a second direction opposite the first direction, and magnetically depolarized.
6. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 1 , further comprising:
an energy storage device, configured to provide current pulses to the plurality of electropermanent magnets to polarize the electropermanent magnets; and
an H-bridge coil drive circuit, coupled to the energy storage device, configured to selectively route the current pulses in one of a first direction and a second direction opposite the first direction, to the electropermanent magnets, wherein electropermanent magnet polarity is determined by the first and second directions,
wherein the H-bridge coil drive circuit is configured to polarize each electropermanent magnet to an opposite direction to closest neighbor electropermanent magnets by received current pulses.
7. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 1 , further comprising:
an energy storage device, configured to provide current pulses to the plurality of electropermanent magnets to polarize the electropermanent magnets; and
an H-bridge coil drive circuit, coupled to the energy storage device, configured to selectively route the current pulses in one of a first direction and a second direction opposite the first direction, to the electropermanent magnets, wherein electropermanent magnet polarity is determined by the first and second directions,
wherein the H-bridge coil drive circuit is configured to polarize each electropermanent magnet to a same direction as closest neighbor electropermanent magnets by received current pulses.
8. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 1 , further comprising:
an energy storage device, configured to provide a series of alternating polarity current pulses of diminishing magnitude to the plurality of electropermanent magnets to depolarize the electropermanent magnets; and
an H-bridge coil drive circuit, coupled to the energy storage device, configured to alternately route the current pulses between a first direction and a second direction opposite the first direction, to the electropermanent magnets,
wherein the H-bridge coil drive circuit is configured to depolarize each electropermanent magnet, wherein in response the plurality of electropermanent magnets are configured to provide no attraction force to a ferrous surface.
9. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 1 , further comprising:
a groove in a rear surface of the pole piece opposite to the plurality of electropermanent magnets, wherein the groove encloses an area that corresponds to one or more electropermanent magnets;
a magnetic flux sensor, affixed to the rear surface within the enclosed area; and
a ferrous cap, affixed to the magnetic flux sensor opposite the pole piece and to the pole piece outside the groove,
wherein a portion of a magnetic flux that flows through the one or more electropermanent magnets flows through the magnetic flux sensor and in response the magnetic flux sensor is configured to provide a proximity indication that reflects a distance between the electropermanent magnet array and a ferrous surface.
10. An electropermanent magnet array, comprising:
a plurality of pole pieces; and
a plurality of electropermanent magnets of common length, each comprising first and second ends and linearly arranged in an end-to-end fashion between and coupled to a pair of pole pieces,
wherein each of the plurality of electropermanent magnets comprises:
a magnetically hard material section; and
an electrical conductor, comprising:
a plurality of stacked layers, wherein each layer comprises:
a plurality of planar full loops of conductive traces around each magnetically hard material section and bonded to an insulator film.
11. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 10 , wherein the electropermanent magnet array is arranged in an enclosed disposition comprising an alternating series of electropermanent magnets and pole pieces.
12. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 10 , wherein the
electrical conductor is spirally coiled around the hard material section.
13. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 12 , wherein the magnetically hard material section comprises one of alnico, neodymium, and samarium cobalt, wherein the pole pieces comprises one of Hiperco, Permalloy, electrical steel, and amorphous metal alloy material.
14. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of electropermanent magnets are configured to be magnetically polarized in a first direction, magnetically polarized in a second direction opposite the first direction, and magnetically depolarized.
15. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 10 , further comprising:
an energy storage device, configured to provide current pulses to the plurality of electropermanent magnets to polarize the electropermanent magnets; and
an H-bridge coil drive circuit, coupled to the energy storage device, configured to selectively route the current pulses in one of a first direction and a second direction opposite the first direction, to the electropermanent magnets, wherein electropermanent magnet polarity is determined by the first and second directions,
wherein the H-bridge coil drive circuit is configured to polarize each electropermanent magnet to an opposite direction to closest neighbor electropermanent magnets by received current pulses.
16. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 10 , further comprising:
an energy storage device, configured to provide current pulses to the plurality of electropermanent magnets to polarize the electropermanent magnets; and
an H-bridge coil drive circuit, coupled to the energy storage device, configured to selectively route the current pulses in one of a first direction and a second direction opposite the first direction, to the electropermanent magnets, wherein electropermanent magnet polarity is determined by the first and second directions,
wherein the H-bridge coil drive circuit is configured to polarize each electropermanent magnet to a same direction as closest neighbor electropermanent magnets by received current pulses.
17. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 10 , further comprising:
an energy storage device, configured to provide a series of current pulses of diminishing magnitude to the plurality of electropermanent magnets to depolarize the electropermanent magnets; and
an H-bridge coil drive circuit, coupled to the energy storage device, configured to alternately route the current pulses between a first direction and a second direction opposite the first direction, to the electropermanent magnets,
wherein the H-bridge coil drive circuit is configured to depolarize each electropermanent magnet, wherein in response the plurality of electropermanent magnets are configured to provide no attraction force to a ferrous surface.
18. The electropermanent magnet array of claim 10 , further comprising:
a magnetic flux sensor, affixed between an end of an electropermanent magnet and a pole piece,
wherein the magnetic flux sensor is configured to provide a proximity indication that reflects a distance between the electropermanent magnet array and a ferrous surface.
19. A device, comprising:
an electropermanent coil, comprising:
an electrical conductor, comprising a plurality of stacked layers;
an energy storage device, configured to provide current pulses;
an H-bridge driver circuit, coupled to the electropermanent coil and the energy storage device, comprising:
switching elements comprising insulated gate thyristors, configured to receive current pulses from the energy storage device and selectively drive the current pulses in a first direction or a second direction opposite the first direction to the electropermanent coil; and
a control circuit, coupled to the switching elements, configured to select the first and second directions, wherein a gate drive voltage of each switching element is optically isolated between the control circuit and the switching elements.
20. The device of claim 19 , wherein the electropermanent coil comprises a magnetic core made from one of alnico, neodymium, and samarium cobalt.