Temporary electrode connection for wireless pacing systems
Delivery of an implantable wireless receiver-stimulator (R-S) into the heart using delivery catheter is described. R-S comprises a cathode and an anode and wirelessly receives and converts energy, such as acoustic ultrasound energy, to electrical energy to stimulate the heart. Conductive wires routed through the delivery system temporarily connect R-S electrodes to external monitor and pacing controller. R-S comprises a first temporary electrical connection from the catheter to the cathode, and a second temporary electrical connection from the catheter to the anode. Temporary electrical connections allow external monitoring of heart's electrical activity as sensed by R-S electrodes to determine tissue viability for excitation as well as to assess energy conversion efficiency.
1. A method of implanting a receiver-stimulator at a location of a heart of a patient, the method comprising:
advancing the receiver-stimulator to the location of the heart while the receiver-stimulator is connected to a delivery system;
delivering electrical energy to the location of the heart, via a first electrode and/or a second electrode of the receiver stimulator, while the delivery system is electrically connected between (a) a contact of the receiver-stimulator that is electrically connected to the first electrode and (b) an external electrical system configured to generate the electrical energy;
disconnecting the receiver-stimulator from the delivery system, wherein disconnecting the receiver-stimulator includes blocking a current path through the patient from the contact to the second electrode while maintaining a current path through the patient from the first electrode to the second electrode; and
after disconnecting the receiver-stimulator from the delivery system, wirelessly delivering energy to the receiver-stimulator, wherein the receiver-stimulator is configured to covert the energy to electrical energy and deliver the electrical energy to the location of the heart via the first electrode and/or the second electrode.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
determining an amount of electrical energy required to capture tissue at the location; and
determining if the location is a suitable implant location based on the required electrical energy to capture tissue.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein disconnecting the receiver-stimulator includes electrically insulating the contact from the patient to thereby block the current path.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein electrically insulating the contact from the patient includes closing a seal around the contact.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein disconnecting the receiver-stimulator from the delivery system includes electrically disconnecting the contact from the first electrode to thereby block the current path.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein electrically disconnecting the contact from the first electrode includes opening a magnetic switch.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein no portion of the receiver-stimulator extends outside of the patient after disconnecting the receiver-stimulator.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein advancing the receiver-stimulator includes advancing the receiver-stimulator through a catheter.
9. A device, comprising:
an implantable receiver-stimulator configured to be releasably connected to a delivery system to attach the receiver-stimulator to a heart of a patient, wherein—
the receiver-stimulator includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrical contact electrically connected to the first electrode,
the receiver-stimulator is configured to wirelessly receive energy from a controller-transmitter and to convert the energy to electrical energy,
the first and second electrodes are configured to deliver the electrical energy to the heart, and
the electrical contact is electrically connected to the delivery system when the receiver-stimulator is connected to the delivery system; and
a disconnect mechanism configured to electrically disconnect the electrical contact from the first electrode to thereby block a current path for the electrical energy through the patient from the electrical contact to the second electrode while maintaining a current path for the electrical energy through the patient from the first electrode to the second electrode when the receiver-stimulator is released from the delivery system.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein the disconnect mechanism includes a magnetically operated switch.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein—
the magnetically operated switch includes (a) a conductive member electrically connected to the first electrode and (b) one or more springs configured to bias the conductive member away from the electrical contact such that the conductive member is electrically disconnected from the electrical contact, and
the delivery system includes a magnet configured to force the conductive member into contact with the electrical contact when the receiver-stimulator is connected to the delivery system.
12. The device of claim 11 wherein—
the magnetically operated switch is a reed switch electrically connected to the first electrode,
the delivery system includes a magnet configured to force the reed switch into contact with the electrical contact when the receiver-stimulator is connected to the delivery system, and
the reed switch is biased to move away from and electrically disconnect from the electrical contact when the receiver-stimulator is released from the delivery system.
13. The device of claim 9 wherein the disconnect mechanism includes a bellows configured to stretch and electrically disconnect the electrical contact from the first electrode when the receiver-stimulator is released from the delivery system.
14. The device of claim 13 wherein the bellows is held in a compressed state when the receiver-stimulator is connected to the delivery system, and wherein the bellows is configured to expand to an expanded state when the receiver-stimulator is released from the delivery system.
15. The device of claim 9 wherein the disconnect mechanism includes a conductive dome structure configured to bulge outward and electrically disconnect the electrical contact from the first electrode when the receiver-stimulator is released from the delivery system.
16. The device of claim 9 wherein the disconnect mechanism includes a fuse that is opened to disconnect the electrical contact from the first electrode.
17. The device of claim 9 wherein the disconnect mechanism comprises an electronic switch, wherein the electronic switch opens to disconnect the electrical contact from the first electrode when the receiver-stimulator is released from the delivery system.
18. The device of claim 9 wherein the delivery system is a catheter-based system.
19. The device of claim 9 wherein the first electrode is a cathode and the second electrode is an anode.
20. A device, comprising:
an implantable receiver-stimulator configured to be releasably connected to a delivery system to attach the receiver-stimulator to a heart of a patient, wherein—
the receiver-stimulator includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrical contact electrically connected to the first electrode,
the receiver-stimulator is configured to wirelessly receive energy from a controller-transmitter and to convert the energy to electrical energy,
the first and second electrodes are configured to deliver the electrical energy to the heart, and
the electrical contact is electrically connected to the delivery system when the receiver-stimulator is connected to the delivery system; and
a disconnect mechanism including a seal configured to electrically insulate the electrical contact from the patient to block a current path through the patient between the electrical contact and the second electrode while maintaining a current path through the patient between the first electrode and the second electrode when the receiver-stimulator is released from the delivery system.