Supporting wing structure for an aircraft, and aircraft having such a supporting wing structure
A supporting wing structure for an aircraft, in particular for a load-carrying and/or passenger-carrying aircraft, preferably an aircraft in the form of a vertical take-off and landing multicopter having a plurality of electrically driven rotors which are disposed in a distributed manner. The supporting wing structure has a plurality of struts. A first number of the struts are at least largely disposed in a first direction, while a second number of the struts are at least largely disposed in a second direction, the second direction being oriented orthogonal to the first direction. At least the struts of the second number have an aerodynamic profile in cross section, and/or in the struts are connected to one another at least in pairs between neighboring struts by a connecting structure, preferably from individual connecting segments, and the connecting structure or the connecting segments have an aerodynamic profiling. Furthermore an aircraft is provided equipped with such a supporting wing structure.
1. A supporting wing structure ( 3 ) for an aircraft ( 1 ), said supporting wing structure comprising:
a plurality of struts ( 4 , 4 a , 4 b ), a first number of the struts ( 4 a ) are primarily disposed in a first direction (R 1 ), wherein the first direction (R 1 ) is substantially in alignment with a forward flight direction of the aircraft ( 1 ), and a second number of the struts ( 4 b ) are primarily disposed in a second direction (R 2 ), said second direction (R 2 ) being oriented so as to be orthogonal to the first direction (R 1 ),
at least the struts ( 4 b ) of the second number have an aerodynamic profile in cross section,
the struts ( 4 , 4 a , 4 b ) are connected to one another, pairwise between adjacent ones of the struts ( 4 , 4 a , 4 b ), by a connecting structure, and the connecting structure has a further aerodynamic profiling; and
the aerodynamic profile and the further aerodynamic profiling being configured to generate a lifting force during forward flight.
2. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least the struts ( 4 b ) of the second number are disposed substantially in a common plane (E).
3. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the aerodynamic profile has a lift-to-drag ratio which, in an incident flow onto the struts ( 4 b ) of the second number at an angle α in an angular range of −15°<α<+15°, in terms of an extent of the plane (E), is substantially constant.
4. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the aerodynamic profile has a relative profile thickness d/l of more than or equal to 0.2, where d is a profile thickness and l is a profile length.
5. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the aerodynamic profile on a lower side of the plane (E) has an approximately S-shaped external contour.
6. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the aerodynamic profile on a lower side of the plane (E) on a rear side thereof that faces away from a forward flight direction has an external contour with a concave region (KB).
7. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the aerodynamic profile is configured asymmetrical with respect to the plane (E), and is configured with at least one of: an approximately S-shaped trend on the lower side thereof, a partially convex and partially concave trend on the lower side thereof, a relative flat nose (FN) with a relatively large curvature radius, a relatively large profile thickness, d/l>0.2, or a concave region (KB) in a rear lower portion.
8. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the aerodynamic profile is configured in an external cladding ( 4 ″) of the struts ( 4 b ) of the second number, or a main body of the struts ( 4 b ) of the second number are shaped on an external profile thereof with the aerodynamic profile.
9. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the struts ( 4 a ) of the first number have a symmetrical profile with respect to the plane (E).
10. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the symmetrical profile is configured in an external cladding ( 4 ″) of the struts ( 4 ′, 4 a ) of the first number, or a main body of the struts ( 4 a ) of the first number are shaped on an external profile thereof with the symmetrical profile.
11. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the struts ( 4 a ) which are oriented in a first angular range from approximately −45° to approximately +45° about the first direction (R 1 ) are configured as struts ( 4 a ) of the first number.
12. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the struts ( 4 b ) which are oriented in a second angular range of approximately +45° to approximately +135° and approximately +225° to approximately +315° to the first direction (R 1 ) are configured as struts ( 4 b ) of the second number.
13. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the struts ( 4 a ) which are oriented in a third angular range of approximately +135° to approximately +225° to the first direction (R 1 ) are configured as struts ( 4 a ) of the first number.
14. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the struts ( 4 a ) of the first number in the first or the third angular range have in each case an identical aerodynamic profile.
15. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the struts ( 4 , 4 a , 4 b ) emanate from a central fastening structure ( 1 a ) and are fastened by respective first ends of said struts ( 4 , 4 a , 4 b ) to the central fastening structure ( 1 a ).
16. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the struts ( 4 , 4 a , 4 b ), at respective second free ends thereof, between neighboring ones of the struts ( 4 , 4 a , 4 b ) are connected to one another in pairs by the connecting structure.
17. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the struts ( 4 , 4 a , 4 b ) are configured to branch out in an arborescent manner.
18. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the struts ( 4 , 4 a , 4 b ) are configured to support drive units ( 2 , 6 ) of the aircraft, said drive units ( 2 , 6 ) having in each case at least one rotor ( 6 ) and one motor unit ( 2 ) for driving the rotor ( 6 ).
19. An aircraft ( 1 ), comprising a plurality of electrically driven rotors ( 6 ) which are disposed in a distributed manner and the supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 that supports at least the rotors ( 6 ).
20. The aircraft ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 19 , further comprising a plurality of motors ( 2 ) configured to drive the rotors ( 6 ) disposed on the supporting wing structure ( 3 ).
21. The aircraft ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 20 , wherein at least some of the rotors ( 6 ) are disposed above a common plane (E) in which at least the struts ( 4 b ) of the second number are disposed.
22. The aircraft ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 21 , further comprising at least one of a passenger cockpit ( 5 ) or a load receptacle disposed below the common plane (E).
23. The aircraft ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the aircraft is a vertical take-off and landing multicopter.
24. The supporting wing structure ( 3 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the connecting structure comprises connecting segments ( 3 a ) which have the aerodynamic profiling.