Remediation of organic wastes by thermal degradation of polyfluoroalkyl and microplastic contaminants
A reactor ( 16 ) for the remediation of polyfluoroalkyl- and/or microplastic-contaminated feedstocks includes an elongated, horizontally oriented, axially rotatable drum ( 34 ) having a shell ( 72 ) within a housing ( 32 ), with a feedstock input assembly ( 38 ) adjacent one end of the drum ( 34 ) and a feedstock output assembly ( 40 ) adjacent the opposite end thereof. A burner ( 94 ) within the housing ( 32 ) generates hot combustion gases which surround the drum ( 34 ) in order to conductively heat feedstock passing through the drum ( 34 ). The invention substantially completely remediates the feedstocks through volatilization of the contaminants.
1. A method of remediating contaminants of a feedstock including PFAS and/or MPs, comprising steps of:
passing said feedstock into a rotating thermal reactor, and moving the feedstock along a length of the reactor;
heating walls of said thermal reactor during rotation thereof so as to conductively heat said feedstock during said movement thereof, said heating sufficient to substantially volatilize said contaminants; and
recovering heated feedstock from said reactor,
said reactor including a shell having an inner face, inwardly extending mixing elements secured to the inner face of said shell, a feedstock input leading to said shell, and a feedstock output leading from said shell,
wherein said passing step is carried out by moving the feedstock through and past the mixing elements during rotation of the thermal reactor, so that no more than about 10% by weight of the feedstock within the reactor shell is separated from the inner face of said shell during any complete rotation thereof, based upon the total weight of the feedstock in the shell taken as 100% by weight.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating is sufficient to volatilize at least about 95% by weight of said contaminants.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said heating is sufficient to volatilize at least about 99% by weight of said contaminants.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said passing step is carried out so that no more than about 5% by weight of the feedstock within the reactor shell is separated from the inner face of said shell during any complete rotation thereof, based upon the total weight of the feedstock in the shell taken as 100% by weight.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating further comprises passing hot combustion gases around the outer surfaces of said rotating thermal reactor.
6. The method of claim 1 , further including heating said walls of said thermal reactor so that the feedstock is heated to a temperature of about 300-1400° F.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the feedstock is heated to a temperature of about 750-1100° F.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said thermal reactor is rotated at a rate of from about ¼-10 rpm.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said thermal reactor is rotated at a rate of about ½-4 rpm.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said passing step is carried out so that the feedstock has a residence time within the thermal reactor of about 8-25 minutes.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said passing step is carried out so that the feedstock has a residence time within the thermal reactor of about 12-16 minutes.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock has a moisture content of up to about 20% by weight, based upon the total weight of said feedstock taken as 100% by weight, prior to said passing step.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said moisture content is up to about 5% by weight.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inwardly extending mixing elements comprise elongated pins, wherein the method further includes conducting heat through said pins.