Obtaining cullet from thin film solar modules
A method of obtaining cullet from a solar module unit is disclosed. The method involves providing a solar module unit in which a detectable tagging material has been applied onto an exposed outer surface of a glass substrate of the solar module unit over one or more electrically conductive contact strips located beneath and visible through the glass substrate. Thereafter, the solar module unit is crushed into assorted module pieces. The assorted module pieces are then sorted by detecting module pieces that include the detectable tagging material and separating the assorted module pieces into a collection of accepted module pieces and a collection of rejected module pieces. The collection of accepted module pieces has module pieces determined not to include the detectable tagging material. Recycled glass is then obtained from the collection of accepted module pieces.
1. A method of obtaining cullet from a solar module unit, the method comprising:
providing a solar module unit in which a detectable tagging material has been applied onto an exposed outer surface of a glass substrate of the solar module unit over one or more electrically conductive contact strips located beneath and visible through the glass substrate;
crushing the solar module unit into assorted module pieces;
sorting the assorted module pieces by detecting module pieces that include the detectable tagging material and then separating the assorted module pieces into a collection of accepted module pieces and a collection of rejected module pieces, the collection of accepted module pieces having module pieces determined not to include the detectable tagging material and the collection of rejected module pieces having module pieces determined to include the detectable tagging material; and
obtaining recycled glass from the collection of accepted module pieces.
2. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the detectable tagging material establishes a color differential against an adhesive layer adhered to an inner surface of the glass substrate and within which the one or more electrically conductive contact strips are embedded.
3. The method set forth in claim 2 , wherein sorting the assorted module pieces comprises optically detecting the module pieces that include the detectable tagging material based on the color differential established between the detectable tagging material and the adhesive layer.
4. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the detectable tagging material comprises one or more of a fugitive dye, a fluorescent dye, a carbon black ink, an organic or inorganic pigmented coating, metal flakes, or a colored tape.
5. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrically conductive contact strips are composed of solder-coated copper, and wherein the recycled glass obtained from the collection of accepted module pieces has a copper concentration of less than 10 ppm based on weight.
6. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:
refining the assorted module pieces after crushing the solar module unit, but prior to sorting of the assorted module pieces, to reduce the average piece size of the assorted module pieces.
7. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:
refining the collection of accepted module pieces after sorting of the assorted module pieces.
8. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the solar module unit comprises a thin film Cd/Te photovoltaic system.
9. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the solar module unit comprises an a-Si photovoltaic system.
10. The method set forth in claim 1 , wherein the solar module unit comprises a CIGS photovoltaic system.
11. A method of obtaining cullet from a solar module unit, the method comprising:
providing a solar module unit that includes a photovoltaic circuit that is encapsulated by an adhesive layer and further includes a glass substrate, the solar module having a detectable tagging material applied onto an exposed outer surface of the glass substrate over one or more electrically conductive contact strips located beneath and visible through the glass substrate on which the detectable tagging material is applied;
crushing the solar module unit into assorted module pieces;
sorting the assorted module pieces by detecting module pieces that include the detectable tagging material and then separating the assorted module pieces into a collection of accepted module pieces and a collection of rejected module pieces, the collection of accepted module pieces having module pieces determined not to include the detectable tagging material and the collection of rejected module pieces having module pieces determined to include the detectable tagging material; and
removing adhered portions of the photovoltaic circuit and adhered portions of the adhesive layer from the collection of accepted module pieces to isolate and obtain recycled glass from the collection of accepted module pieces.
12. The method set forth in claim 11 , further comprising:
refining the assorted module pieces before detecting which module pieces include the detectable tagging material to reduce the average piece size of the assorted module pieces.
13. The method set forth in claim 11 , further comprising:
refining the collection of accepted module pieces after separating the assorted module pieces into the collection of accepted module pieces and the collection of rejected module pieces, but before removing adhered portions of the photovoltaic circuit and adhered portions of the adhesive layer from the collection of accepted module pieces, to reduce the average piece size of the accepted module pieces.
14. The method set forth in claim 11 , wherein the photovoltaic circuit comprises a semiconductor layer of cadmium sulfide paired with a semiconductor layer of cadmium telluride.
15. The method set forth in claim 11 , wherein the detectable tagging material establishes a color differential against the adhesive layer within which the one or more electrically conductive contact strips are embedded, and wherein sorting the assorted module pieces comprises optically detecting the module pieces that include the detectable tagging material based on the color differential established between the detectable tagging material and the adhesive layer.
16. A method of obtaining cullet from a thin film solar module unit, the method comprising:
providing a thin film solar module unit that includes a photovoltaic circuit that is encapsulated by an adhesive layer and sandwiched between a front glass substrate and a back glass substrate, the photovoltaic circuit comprising a semiconductor layer of cadmium sulfide paired with a semiconductor layer of cadmium telluride, the thin film solar module further having a detectable tagging material applied onto an exposed outer surface of the front or back glass substrate over one or more electrically conductive contact strips located beneath and visible through the front or back glass substrate on which the detectable tagging material is applied;
crushing the thin film solar module unit into assorted module pieces;
sorting the assorted module pieces by detecting module pieces that include the detectable tagging material and then separating the assorted module pieces into a collection of accepted module pieces and a collection of rejected module pieces, the collection of accepted module pieces having module pieces determined not to include the detectable tagging material and the collection of rejected module pieces having module pieces determined to include the detectable tagging material;
leaching the accepted module pieces in a leaching solution to extract semiconductor materials into a leachant and detach adhered portions of the photovoltaic circuit and adhered portions of the adhesive layer from the collection of accepted module pieces to thereby isolate and obtain recycled glass from the collection of accepted module pieces; and
reclaiming the semiconductor materials from the leachant.