Protection circuits for wireless power receivers
Exemplary protection circuitry for wireless power systems can include a battery disconnect circuit, a load dump protection circuit, and/or a coil disconnect circuit. One or more of these protection circuits may be employed by a wireless power receiver. Further, one or more of these protection circuits may enable a wireless power receiver to be able to protect itself independently from a wireless power transmitter, thereby increasing safety of the wireless power system.
1. A method for disconnecting a battery from a wireless power receiver, the receiver comprising (i) a rectifier coupled in parallel to an output capacitor, the capacitor being coupled between a first node and a second node at an output of the rectifier, and (ii) a first switch coupled to the input of the rectifier, wherein the receiver is coupled to a transistor coupled between the second node and a negative node of the battery, the transistor configured to reduce a current level when turned off, the receiver coupled to a disconnect circuit comprising a second switch coupled between the first node and a positive node of the battery, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) turning off the transistor during a time when the receiver is energized such that voltage increases in the output capacitor;
(b) closing the first switch such that the voltage at the output capacitor is at constant voltage or near-constant voltage; and
(c) opening the second switch such that the battery is disconnected from the receiver.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the disconnect circuit further comprises a subcircuit comprising a resistor coupled in series to a third switch, the subcircuit coupled in parallel to the second switch.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
(d) opening the third switch,
wherein step (d) is during or after step (c).
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the disconnect circuit further comprises a fourth switch coupled between the transistor and the negative node of the battery.
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising:
(d) opening the fourth switch,
wherein step (d) is during or after step (c).
6. The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) is executed after step (a) and step (c) is executed after step (b).
7. The method of claim 1 wherein, before step (a), the second switch is closed, the transistor is on, and the first switch is open.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the output capacitor is coupled to a resistor and wherein, in step (b), the resistor enables the voltage at the output capacitor to decrease.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the transistor is coupled to a controller, the controller configured to turn off the transistor.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the second switch is controlled by a battery management system.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the battery management system is communicably coupled to a controller associated with the receiver.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the transistor is a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and the first and second switches are relays.
13. A protection circuit for a wireless power receiver, the receiver comprising a rectifier coupled in parallel to an output capacitor, the capacitor being coupled between a first node and a second node at an output of the rectifier, the protection circuit comprising:
a transistor coupled between the second node and a negative node of the battery, the transistor configured to reduce a current level when turned off;
a first switch coupled across the input of the rectifier; and
a disconnect circuit comprising a second switch coupled between the first node and a positive node of the battery, wherein:
(a) the transistor is configured to turn off during a time when the receiver is energized such that voltage increases in the output capacitor;
(b) the first switch is configured to close such that the voltage at the output capacitor is at constant voltage or near-constant voltage; and
(c) the second switch is configured to open such that the battery is disconnected from the receiver.
14. The protection circuit of claim 13 wherein the disconnect circuit further comprises a subcircuit comprising a resistor coupled in series to a third switch, the subcircuit coupled in parallel to the second switch.
15. The protection circuit of claim 14 wherein (d) the third switch is configured to open, and wherein step (d) is during or after step (c).
16. The protection circuit of claim 13 wherein the disconnect circuit further comprises a fourth switch coupled between the transistor and the negative node of the battery.
17. The protection circuit of claim 16 wherein (d) the fourth switch is configured to open, and wherein step (d) is during or after step (c).
18. The protection circuit of claim 13 wherein step (b) is executed after step (a) and step (c) is executed after step (b).
19. The protection circuit of claim 13 wherein, before step (a), the second switch is closed, the transistor is on, and the first switch is open.
20. The protection circuit of claim 13 wherein the output capacitor is coupled to a resistor and wherein, in step (b), the resistor enables the voltage at the output capacitor to decrease.