Data transmission method and apparatus

1. A data transmission method, comprising:

obtaining, by an access network device, a waiting duration corresponding to transmitting uplink data of a first subframe quantity by a terminal, wherein the first subframe quantity corresponds to a first quantity of one or more subframes with a greatest scheduling efficiency within a preset value range of a quantity of subframes when the access network device schedules the terminal to transmit the uplink data, wherein scheduling efficiency is determined based on a ratio of a quantity of bits of data transmitted during a time period comprising the waiting duration and a length of the time period, and wherein the waiting duration is a duration that exists after the terminal transmits the uplink data and that extends from a time at which the terminal switches to a listening state to a time at which the terminal detects an uplink authorization instruction;

determining that the waiting duration is greater than a threshold;

in response to determining that the waiting duration is greater than the threshold, determining, by the access network device within the preset value range of the quantity of subframes, a second subframe quantity that enables the waiting duration to be less than or equal to the threshold, the second subframe quantity corresponding to a second quantity of one or more subframes; and

sending, by the access network device, a first uplink authorization instruction to the terminal, wherein the first uplink authorization instruction is used to instruct the terminal to send uplink data of the second subframe quantity.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:

in response to determining that the waiting duration is less than or equal to the threshold, sending, by the access network device, a second uplink authorization instruction to the terminal, wherein the second uplink authorization instruction is used to instruct the terminal to send the uplink data of the first subframe quantity.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:

in response to determining that the second subframe quantity does not exist within the preset value range of the quantity of subframes, sending, by the access network device, a second uplink authorization instruction to the terminal, wherein the second uplink authorization instruction is used to instruct the terminal to send the uplink data of the first subframe quantity.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the determining the second subframe quantity comprises:

for a particular subframe quantity within the preset value range of the quantity of subframes, in response to determining, by the access network device, that a waiting duration corresponding to transmitting uplink data of the particular subframe quantity by the terminal is less than or equal to the threshold, determining the particular subframe quantity as the second subframe quantity.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the threshold is 0, and wherein the second subframe quantity enables the waiting duration to be equal to 0.

6. A data transmission method, comprising:

receiving, by a terminal, a first uplink authorization instruction from an access network device, wherein the first uplink authorization instruction is used to instruct the terminal to send uplink data of a second subframe quantity, the second subframe quantity corresponding to a second quantity of one or more subframes, and wherein the second subframe quantity enables a waiting duration corresponding to transmitting the uplink data by the terminal to be less than or equal to a threshold and that is determined within a preset value range of a quantity of subframes by the access network device when a waiting duration corresponding to transmitting uplink data of a first subframe quantity by the terminal is greater than the threshold, the first subframe quantity corresponding to a first quantity of one or more subframes; and

sending, by the terminal, the uplink data of the second subframe quantity.

7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the threshold is 0, and wherein the second subframe quantity enables the waiting duration to be equal to 0.

8. A communications apparatus, comprising:

at least one processor;

one or more memories coupled to the at least one processor and storing programming instructions for execution by the at least one processor to:

obtain a waiting duration corresponding to transmitting uplink data of a first subframe quantity by a terminal, wherein the first subframe quantity corresponds to a first quantity of one or more subframes with a greatest scheduling efficiency within a preset value range of a quantity of subframes when the terminal is scheduled to transmit the uplink data, wherein scheduling efficiency is determined based on (1) a ratio of a quantity of bits of data transmitted during a time period comprising the waiting duration and (2) a length of the time period, and wherein the waiting duration is a duration that exists after the terminal transmits the uplink data and that extends from a time at which the terminal switches to a listening state to a time at which the terminal detects an uplink authorization instruction;

determine that the waiting duration is greater than a threshold;

in response to determining that the waiting duration is greater than the threshold, determine a second subframe quantity that is within the preset value range of the quantity of subframes and that enables the waiting duration to be less than or equal to the threshold, the second subframe quantity corresponding to a second quantity of one or more subframes; and

send a first uplink authorization instruction to the terminal, wherein the first uplink authorization instruction is used to instruct the terminal to send uplink data of the second subframe quantity.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the programming instructions are for execution by the at least one processor to:

in response to determining that the waiting duration is less than or equal to the threshold, send a second uplink authorization instruction to the terminal, wherein the second uplink authorization instruction is used to instruct the terminal to send the uplink data of the first subframe quantity.

10. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the programming instructions are for execution by the at least one processor to:

in response to determining that the second subframe quantity does not exist within the preset value range of the quantity of subframes, send a second uplink authorization instruction to the terminal, wherein the second uplink authorization instruction is used to instruct the terminal to send the uplink data of the first subframe quantity.

11. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the programming instructions are for execution by the at least one processor to:

for a particular subframe quantity within the preset value range of the quantity of subframes, in response to determining that a waiting duration corresponding to transmitting the uplink data of the particular subframe quantity by the terminal is less than or equal to the threshold, determine the particular subframe quantity as the second subframe quantity.

12. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the threshold is 0, and wherein the second subframe quantity enables the waiting duration to be equal to 0.