Subterahertz microfabricated spectrometer
A microfabricated spectrometer uses at least one filter to discriminate the frequency components of an incoming RF signal. The filter center frequencies are chosen to correspond to wavelengths of target species which may be present in the gas, and radiating at a characteristic frequency.
1. A multichannel microfabricated spectrometer, comprising:
an RF antenna that captures radiation in the sub-terahertz range;
a sub-terahertz mixer with a local oscillator frequency of greater than 100 GHz;
at least one filter element coupled to the mixer, wherein the filter has a passband and center frequency associated with a target gas compound; and
at least one power monitoring circuit that monitors the transmission through the at least one filter.
2. The multichannel microfabricated spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one filter comprises an array of filters, each of which has a passband that is immediately adjacent to its neighbor; and wherein the at least one power monitoring circuit comprises a bank of power monitoring circuits, with each power monitoring circuit in bank coupled to each filter element in the bank of filter elements.
3. The multichannel microfabricated spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the subterahertz mixer mixes the local oscillator with the signal captured by the antenna to produce a down shifted intermediate frequency in the passband of at least one of the at least one filter element.
4. The multichannel microfabricated spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the local oscillator is tunable through a range of frequencies from about 100 GHz to 500 GHz.
5. The multichannel microfabricated spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one filter comprises at least one SAW filter.
6. The multichannel microfabricated spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one power monitoring circuit comprises:
at least one amplifier coupled to the at least one filter, and at least one detector coupled to the at least one amplifier.
7. The multichannel gas sensor of claim 6 , wherein the at least one power monitoring circuit further comprises:
at least one analog to digital converter coupled to the at least one detector.
8. The multichannel microfabricated spectrometer of claim 7 , wherein the at least one amplifier, at least one detector and at least one analog-to-digital converter each comprise a bank of amplifiers, detectors and analog-to-digital converters, wherein each of the banks of amplifiers, detectors and analog-to-digital converters is coupled to a corresponding one of the filters in the bank of filters.
9. The multichannel microfabricated spectrometer of claim 8 , wherein the filters are SAW filters.
10. The multichannel microfabricated spectrometer of claim 8 , further comprising:
a computer programmed to monitor the output of the at least one power monitoring circuit as a function of the frequency of the local oscillator, as it is tuned through a frequency band.
11. A method for detecting a gas component, comprising:
capturing radiation in the sub-terahertz range using an RF antenna to produce an RF signal;
mixing the RF signal with a local oscillator having a frequency in the subteraHz range with a subteraHz mixer, to produce an intermediate frequency in the 1-100 GHz range;
applying the intermediate frequency to at least one filter having a passband that includes a frequency indicative of the presence of a target gas compound;
monitoring the level of transmission through the at least one filter with at least one power monitoring circuit.
12. The method for detecting a gas component of claim 11 , wherein the at least one filter comprises an array of filters, each of which has a passband that is immediately adjacent to its neighbor; and wherein the at least one power monitoring circuit comprises a bank of power monitoring circuits, with each power monitoring circuit in bank coupled to each filter element in the bank of filter elements.
13. The method for detecting a gas component of claim 11 , wherein the subterahertz mixer mixes the local oscillator with the signal captured by the antenna to produce a down shifted intermediate frequency in the passband of at least one of the at least one filter element.
14. The method for detecting a gas component of claim 11 , further comprising:
tuning the local oscillator through a range of frequencies from about 100 GHz to 500 GHz, and monitoring an output of the at least one SAW filter as a function of the frequency of the local oscillator, to identify a frequency component indicative of the presence of a target gas compound.
15. The method for detecting a gas component of claim 11 , wherein the at least one filter comprises at least one SAW filter.
16. The method for detecting a gas component of claim 11 , wherein the at least one power monitoring circuit comprises:
at least one amplifier coupled to the at least one filter, and at least one detector coupled to the at least one amplifier.
17. The method for detecting a gas component of claim 16 , wherein the at least one power monitoring circuit further comprises:
at least one analog to digital converter coupled to the at least one detector.
18. The method for detecting a gas component of claim 17 , wherein the at least one amplifier, at least one detector and at least one analog-to-digital converter each comprise a bank of amplifiers, detectors and analog-to-digital converters, wherein each of the banks of amplifiers, detectors and analog-to-digital converters is coupled to a corresponding one of the filters in the bank of filters.
19. The method for detecting a gas component of claim 11 , wherein the filters are SAW filters.
20. The method for detecting a gas component of claim 11 , further comprising:
monitoring an output of the at least one power monitoring circuit as a function of the frequency of the local oscillator, as it is tuned through a frequency band.