Microfibers with mushroom-shaped tips for optimal adhesion
This invention identifies important geometric parameters of an adhesive microfiber with mushroom-shaped tip for improving and optimizing adhesive ability. The magnitude of pull-off stress is dependent on a wedge angle γ and the ratio of the tip radius to the stalk radius β of the mushroom-shaped fiber. Pull-off stress is also found to depend on a dimensionless parameter x, the ratio of the fiber radius to a length-scale related to the dominance of adhesive stress. Finally, the shape of edge tip, where the surface and sides of the mushroom-shaped tip join, is a factor that impacts strength of adhesion. Optimizing ranges for these parameters are identified.
1. A dry adhesive fiber structure with optimized geometric parameters for increasing adhesive performance, comprising:
a dry adhesive fiber comprising a moldable plastic, the dry adhesive fiber including:
a mushroom-shaped tip having a flat surface with a radius a t , inwardly inclined sides that form a wedge angle γ with the surface, a tip edge located at an outer perimeter of the tip, wherein the tip edge has an angle not equal to the wedge angle, and an end opposite the surface; and
a stem with a cross-sectional area having (i) a distal end connected to the end of the tip at a tip point of connection, (ii) a proximal end opposite the distal end, and (iii) a longitudinal length with a radius a from the distal end to the proximal end;
wherein the ratio of a t /a is 1.05-1.4, wedge angle γ is 20-55, and the normalized pull-off stress at the fiber surface is 0.7-0.9.
2. The dry adhesive fiber structure according to claim 1 , wherein ratio of a t /a is 1.1-1.2, and wedge angle γ is 40-50.
3. The dry adhesive fiber structure according to claim 1 , wherein ratio of a t /a is 1.1-1.2, and wedge angle γ is 45.
4. The dry adhesive fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the tip edge is rounded.
5. The dry adhesive fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the tip edge has a radius of curvature of less than 10 nm.
6. The dry adhesive fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the tip edge has maximum sharpness for the moldable plastic forming the tip edge.
7. The dry adhesive fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber length varies from 0.5 nm to 500 μm.
8. The dry adhesive fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the shape of the inclined sides of the tip is selected from the group consisting of linear, convex, and concave shapes with respect to the stem axial direction and tip surface.