Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same
A forest fire retardant composition contains water and a retardant compound that includes a halide salt, a non-halide salt, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, or combinations thereof. The halide salt may be magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, or both. The magnesium chloride hydrate has a formula MgCl 2 (H 2 O) x , wherein x is at least one of x=1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12. The calcium chloride hydrate has a formula CaCl 2 (H 2 O) x , wherein x is at least one of 1, 2, 4, or 6. The composition may be in the form of a liquid concentrate or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.
1. A method of combating a forest fire, the method comprising:
receiving a forest fire retardant liquid concentrate
diluting the liquid concentrate with water to form a final diluted product intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and
depositing, via aerial or ground-based application, the final diluted product;
wherein the liquid concentrate comprises:
a magnesium salt solution comprising a magnesium salt dissolved in water, the magnesium salt being present in the solution in an amount having a weight percent of about 25% to about 35% relative to the total weight of the solution;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, or aluminum, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.5% to about 4.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
a thickening agent, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
a buffering agent, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 5.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
a colorant, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 1.25% to about 4.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
a dye, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.075% to about 1.2% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate; and
a surfactant, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.025% to about 1.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
wherein the magnesium salt is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 7% to about 30% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product; and
wherein the step of depositing comprises at least one of a direct attack on the fire or an indirect attack before the fire.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the liquid concentrate further comprises a pigment, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.2% to about 1.75% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate; and
the colorant comprises iron oxide; and
the dye comprises a fugitive dye.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
the thickening agent comprises a polysaccharide gum;
the buffering agent comprises at least two buffering agents comprising triethanolamine and magnesium hydroxide, the triethanolamine being present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 4.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate, and the magnesium hydroxide being present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate; and
the pigment comprises titanium dioxide;
the surfactant comprises sodium lauryl sulfate.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the magnesium salt comprises magnesium chloride; and
the solution is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 85% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises one or more azoles.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the corrosion inhibitor is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 1.25% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
the thickening agent is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 1.25% to about 4.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
the triethanolamine is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 1.25% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
the magnesium hydroxide is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
the colorant is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 1.9% to about 3.9% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate;
the dye is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 1.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate; and
the surfactant is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 0.75% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the liquid concentrate.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the magnesium salt comprises magnesium chloride.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid concentrate is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 25% to about 45% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the liquid concentrate is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 30% to about 40% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the magnesium salt is present in the final diluted product in an amount of about 300 grams to about 550 grams of salt per gallon of the final diluted product.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of depositing is performed via aerial application from an airplane or a helicopter.