Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same
A forest fire retardant composition includes a retardant compound that includes at least one anhydrous salt and at least one hydrate salt. The anhydrous salt is magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, or both. The hydrate salt is magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, or both. The magnesium chloride hydrate has a formula MgCl 2 (H 2 O) x , wherein x is at least one of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12. The calcium chloride hydrate has a formula CaCl 2 (H 2 O) x , wherein x is at least one of 1, 2, 4, or 6. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.
1. A forest fire retardant composition, comprising:
a magnesium chloride salt comprising MgCl 2 anhydrous and MgCl 2 (H 2 O) 6 , present in the composition in an amount having a weight ratio (MgCl 2 anhydrous:MgCl 2 (H 2 O) 6 ) of about 20:80 to about 50:50;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, or aluminum, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 5.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 4.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
a buffering agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.6% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
a colorant, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.025% to about 2.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
a dye, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.025% to about 2.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
a surfactant, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.0075% to about 1.25% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition; and
a pigment, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.025% to about 1.75% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition; and
wherein:
the colorant comprises iron oxide;
the dye comprises a fugitive dye;
the thickening agent comprises at least two thickening agents comprising a polysaccharide gum and a chemically substituted cellulose;
the buffering agent comprises at least two buffering agents comprising triethanolamine and magnesium hydroxide;
the surfactant comprises sodium lauryl sulfate;
the corrosion inhibitor comprises one or more azoles; and
the pigment comprises titanium dioxide.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio (MgCl 2 anhydrous:MgCl 2 (H 2 O) 6 ) is about 30:70 to about 40:60.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the composition is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate; and
the magnesium chloride salt is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 75% to about 96% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
4. A kit comprising:
a sealed container which contains the composition of claim 3 substantially in the absence of external moisture; and
instructions for using the composition to make a final diluted product useful to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires.
5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a mineral oil, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 2.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein:
the corrosion inhibitor is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
the polysaccharide gum is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.6% to about 2.4% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition; and
the chemically substituted cellulose is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.5% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
the colorant is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 1.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
the dye is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 1.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
the surfactant is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 0.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition; and
the mineral oil is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.50% to about 2.25% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition.
7. A forest fire retardant composition, comprising:
a magnesium chloride salt comprising magnesium chloride anhydrous and magnesium chloride hydrate;
a corrosion inhibitor comprising one or more azoles, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 5.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
at least two thickening agents comprising a polysaccharide gum and a chemically substituted cellulose, the polysaccharide gum being present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 3.75% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition, and the chemically substituted cellulose being present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 2.8% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
a buffering agent comprising an organic amine and a strong base, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.6% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
iron oxide, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.025% to about 2.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
a fugitive dye, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.025% to about 2.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition; and
sodium lauryl sulfate, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.0075% to about 1.25% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein:
the magnesium chloride salt comprises MgCl 2 anhydrous and MgCl 2 (H 2 O) x ; and
x is at least one of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the MgCl 2 anhydrous and MgCl 2 (H 2 O) 6 are present in the composition in an amount having a weight ratio (MgCl 2 anhydrous:MgCl 2 (H 2 O) 6 ) of about 20:80 to about 50:50.
10. The composition of claim 7 , wherein:
the organic amine comprises triethanolamine and the strong base comprises magnesium hydroxide.
11. The composition of claim 10 , further comprising titanium dioxide, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.025% to about 1.75% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein:
the composition is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate; and
the magnesium chloride salt is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 75% to about 96% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
13. A kit comprising:
a sealed container which contains the composition of claim 12 substantially in the absence of external moisture; and
instructions for using the composition to make a final diluted product useful to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires.
14. The composition of claim 7 , further comprising a mineral oil, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 2.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition.
15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein:
the corrosion inhibitor is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition
the polysaccharide gum is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.6% to about 2.4% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition; and
the chemically substituted cellulose is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.5% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
the iron oxide is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 1.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
the fugitive dye is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 1.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition;
the sodium lauryl sulfate is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 0.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition; and
the mineral oil is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.50% to about 2.25% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition.
16. A forest fire retardant composition, comprising:
a magnesium salt comprising a magnesium salt anhydrous and a magnesium salt hydrate;
a corrosion inhibitor comprising one or more azoles, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 5.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition;
a thickening agent comprising polysaccharide gum and a chemically substituted cellulose, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 4.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition;
a buffering agent comprising an organic amine and a strong base, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.6% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition;
a colorant comprising iron oxide, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.025% to about 2.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride salt in the composition
a fugitive dye, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of 0.025% to about 2.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition; and
sodium lauryl sulfate, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.0075% to about 1.25% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition;
wherein:
the composition is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate; and
the magnesium salt is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 75% to about 96% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein:
the magnesium salt comprises magnesium chloride;
the magnesium salt anhydrous comprises MgCl 2 anhydrous; and
the magnesium salt hydrate comprises MgCl 2 hydrate.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein:
the MgCl 2 hydrate comprises MgCl 2 (H 2 O) x ; and
x is at least one of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12.
19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein:
the MgCl 2 hydrate comprises MgCl 2 (H 2 O) 6 ; and
the MgCl 2 anhydrous and MgCl 2 (H 2 O) 6 are present in the composition in an amount having a weight ratio (MgCl 2 anhydrous:MgCl 2 (H 2 O) 6 ) of about 20:80 to about 50:50.
20. The composition of claim 19 , wherein:
the composition further comprises a mineral oil, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 2.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition.
21. The composition of claim 16 , wherein:
the corrosion inhibitor is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.9% to about 1.8% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition.
22. A kit comprising:
a sealed container which contains the composition of claim 16 substantially in the absence of external moisture; and
instructions for using the composition to make a final diluted product useful to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires.
23. The composition of claim 20 , wherein:
the corrosion inhibitor is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition;
the polysaccharide gum is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.6% to about 2.4% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition;
the chemically substituted cellulose is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.5% to about 3.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition;
the iron oxide is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 1.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition;
the fugitive dye is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 1.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition;
the sodium lauryl sulfate is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 0.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition; and
the mineral oil is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.50% to about 2.25% relative to the weight of the magnesium salt in the composition.