Fused Deposition Modeling Mixing Extruder Coupled to an External Energy Source
Methods and systems for use in additive manufacturing are described. Methods include heating a precursor material in a mixing area upstream of a print head nozzle. An energy emission is delivered to the precursor material prior to extrusion at the nozzle. The energy emission encouraging reaction of components in the precursor material to form a solid product of the extrudate such as a polymer, a crosslinked polymeric matrix, and/or a particulate. Systems include a mixing area upstream of a nozzle and an energy source configured to deliver an emission into the mixing area at or near the nozzle outlet.
1 . An additive manufacturing print head comprising:
a mixing area, the mixing area comprising a first inlet and an outlet;
a nozzle in direct fluid communication with the outlet;
a heater in thermal communication with the mixing area; and
an energy source configured to deliver an emission from the energy source into the mixing area at or near the outlet.
2 . The additive manufacturing print head of claim 1 , the mixing area comprising a second inlet.
3 . The additive manufacturing print head of claim 2 , the mixing area comprising one or more additional inlets.
4 . The additive manufacturing print head of claim 1 , the mixing area comprising a mixing element.
5 . The additive manufacturing print head of claim 1 , wherein the energy source comprises a laser.
6 . The additive manufacturing print head of claim 1 , wherein the energy source is configured to deliver an emission comprising X-rays or microwaves.
7 . The additive manufacturing print head of claim 1 , wherein the energy source is configured to deliver an emission in the ultraviolet and/or visible spectrum.
8 . The additive manufacturing print head of claim 1 , further comprising a cold zone.
9 . The additive manufacturing print head of claim 1 , further comprising a filament drive.
10 . An additive manufacturing system comprising the print head of claim 1 .
11 . The additive manufacturing system of claim 10 , further comprising a print bed and a controller and optionally comprising a build mandrel.
12 . An additive manufacturing process comprising:
feeding a first precursor material to a mixing area;
heating and mixing the first precursor material within the mixing area to form a liquified mixture;
delivering an energy emission from an energy source into the mixing area at or near an outlet of the mixing area, wherein upon the delivery of the energy emission, a component of the first precursor material forms a nascent reaction product within the liquified mixture, the nascent reaction product comprising a solid; and
extruding the liquified mixture comprising the nascent reaction product from the mixing area to a print bed.
13 . The process of claim 12 , the process further comprising feeding a second precursor material to the mixing area, whereupon delivery of the energy emission a component of the second precursor material interacts with the component of the first precursor material to form the nascent reaction product.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first precursor material comprises a polymer, a pre-polymer, or an oligomer, and the second precursor material comprises a crosslinking agent or a chain extender.
15 . The method of claim 12 , the solid comprising a polyurethane, a methacrylate, a polyimide, an epoxy, or a copolymer thereof.
16 . The method of claim 12 , the solid comprising particulates.
17 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the first precursor material comprises a polymer, an oligomer, or a pre-polymer.
18 . The method of claim 12 , wherein liquified mixture comprises a crosslinking agent and/or a chain extender, and/or an initiator.
19 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the first precursor material is fed to the mixing area in the form of a solid filament, the solid filament melting in the mixing area.
20 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the energy emission comprises energy in one or more of the X-ray spectrum, the ultraviolet spectrum, the visible spectrum, the infrared spectrum, and the microwave spectrum.