Method for controlling the orientation of a solar tracker based on cartographic models

1. A method for controlling an orientation of a solar tracker, the method comprising:

obtaining a cloud coverage above the solar tracker;

comparing the obtained cloud coverage with different cloud coverage models, each cloud coverage model being associated with an orientation setpoint value for the solar tracker;

matching the obtained cloud coverage with a cloud coverage model; and

controlling the orientation of the solar tracker by applying the orientation setpoint value associated with the cloud coverage model,

wherein the cloud coverage models include:

at least one zero cloud coverage model associated with an orientation setpoint value corresponding to a direct inclination angle established by an astronomical calculation of the position of the Sun; and

at least one widespread cloud coverage model associated with an orientation setpoint value corresponding to an optimized inclination angle, which does not coincide with the direct inclination angle.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each cloud coverage model is associated with an orientation setpoint value which depends on a composition of a cloud layer of the cloud coverage model.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein, for each cloud coverage model, the associated orientation setpoint value is predefined based on at least one of: a wear rate of mechanical members of the solar tracker loaded during a change of orientation of the solar tracker, an energy consumption necessary to modify the orientation of the solar tracker, and a displacement speed of the solar tracker during an orientation change.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the optimized inclination angle corresponds to an angle associated with a horizontal setting of the solar tracker.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cloud coverage models further comprise at least one fine cloud coverage model associated with an orientation setpoint value corresponding to a predefined intermediate angle between the direct inclination angle and an angle corresponding to a horizontal setting of the solar tracker.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cloud coverage models further comprise at least one irregular cloud coverage model associated with an orientation setpoint value corresponding to the direct inclination angle.

7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising translating the obtained cloud coverage into a mapping of the solar luminance according to different elevation angles (θi),

wherein comparing the obtained cloud coverage with the different cloud coverage models includes comparing the distribution of the solar luminance on the mapping with the distribution of the solar luminance in the different cloud coverage models.

8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein, considering a maximum solar luminance value corresponding to a maximum value of the solar luminance accessible during a direct radiation observation:

the zero cloud coverage model corresponds to a cartographic model wherein the solar luminance is at least equal to 80% of the maximum value within an angular sector lower than 30 degrees around the direct inclination angle; and

the widespread cloud coverage model corresponds to a cartographic model wherein the solar luminance has, within an angular sector greater than 150 degrees, a low value and a high value, with a difference between the low value and the high value which is lower than 50% of the high value, with the high value which is lower than 50% of the maximum value, and with the high value which is associated with an elevation angle deviated by at least 20 degrees from the direct inclination angle.

9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the cloud coverage models comprise at least one fine cloud coverage model associated with an orientation setpoint value corresponding to a predefined intermediate angle between the direct inclination angle and an angle corresponding to a horizontal setting of the solar tracker, and

wherein the fine cloud coverage model corresponds to a cartographic model wherein the solar luminance has, within an angular sector larger than 150 degrees, a low value and a high value, with a difference between the low value and the high value which is lower than 50% of the high value, and with the high value which is associated with an elevation angle located at less than 20 degrees from the direct inclination angle.

10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the cloud coverage models further comprise at least one irregular cloud coverage model associated with an orientation setpoint value corresponding to the direct inclination angle, and

wherein the irregular cloud coverage model corresponds to a cartographic model wherein the solar luminance is at least equal to 50% of the maximum value within an angular sector smaller than 30 degrees around the direct inclination angle, and is at least equal to 20% of the maximum value within an angular sector smaller than 30 degrees around another inclination angle.

11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein obtaining the cloud coverage includes at least one of:

picking up sky images by an image pickup apparatus;

measuring solar luminance by photosensitive cells; or

obtaining satellite images from the sky above the solar tracker.

12. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising applying frequency weighting to the obtained cloud coverage which depends on both a frequency response of a system for obtaining the cloud coverage and on a useful frequency band of a solar collector.

13. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, if no cloud coverage model is matched with the obtained cloud coverage, controlling the orientation of the solar tracker by applying the orientation setpoint value corresponding to a direct inclination angle.

14. A solar tracker comprising:

a fixed structure for anchorage to a ground;

a platform capable of supporting at least one solar collector, the platform being rotatably actuatable on the fixed structure by an actuation system;

a system for obtaining cloud coverage data;

a database storing cloud coverage models each associated with an orientation setpoint value for the solar tracker; and

a controller linked to the system for obtaining cloud coverage data to receive the obtained cloud coverage data, to the database, and to the actuation system to control the rotation of the platform, wherein the controller is configured to:

compare the obtained cloud coverage with cloud coverage models stored in a database, each cloud coverage model being associated with an orientation setpoint value for the solar tracker;

match the obtained cloud coverage data with a cloud coverage model; and

control the orientation of the solar tracker by applying the orientation setpoint value associated with the cloud coverage model,

wherein the cloud coverage models include:

at least one zero cloud coverage model to which an orientation setpoint value is associated on a direct inclination angle established by an astronomical calculation of the position of the Sun; and

at least one widespread cloud coverage model to which an orientation setpoint value is associated with an optimized inclination angle, which does not coincide with the direct inclination angle.