Ground-based beamformed communications using mutually synchronized spatially multiplexed feeder links
Embodiments provide ground-based beamforming with mutually synchronized spatially multiplexed gateways in a wireless communications system. Some embodiments operate in context of a satellite having a focused-beam feeder antenna that communicates with multiple, geographically distributed gateway terminals (e.g., single gateway per beam), and a user antenna that provides communications with user terminals via formed user beams. The gateway terminals can communicate feeder signals that are beam-weighted and mutually phase-synchronized (e.g., according to satellite and/or loopback beacons). For example, the synchronization can enable forward uplink signals to be phase-synchronously received by the satellite, and the beam weighting can enable the forward downlink signals to spatially combine to form forward user beams. Embodiments can achieve extensive bandwidth reuse through mutually synchronized spatial multiplexing of the feeder-link communications.
1. A satellite communications system comprising:
a forward beamformer comprising:
a forward data stream input to receive a plurality of forward data streams, each including data destined for a respective one of a plurality of forward user beams; and
a plurality of beam-weighted forward signal outputs, each to output a respective beam-weighted forward data signal generated by beam-weighting the plurality of forward data streams according to respective forward beam weights of a plurality of forward beam weights, the plurality of forward beam weights computed so that receipt by focused antenna elements of a feeder antenna subsystem of a satellite and transmission by beamforming antenna elements of a user antenna subsystem of the satellite causes the beam-weighted forward data signals to spatially combine to form the plurality of forward user beams; and
a plurality of geographically distributed gateway terminals, each of the plurality of geographically distributed gateway terminals being configured to operate at a same carrier frequency, and each of the plurality of geographically distributed gateway terminals comprising:
a beam-weighted forward signal input in communication with a respective one of the plurality of beam-weighted forward signal outputs of the forward beamformer via a distribution network;
a synchronization input coupled with a synchronization subsystem; and
a feeder uplink signal output that corresponds to a mutually synchronized version of the beam-weighted forward signal input in accordance with the synchronization input, wherein the feeder uplink signal output is configured to transmit a respective forward uplink signal to the satellite.
2. The satellite communications system of claim 1 , wherein the feeder uplink signal output corresponds to a phase-synchronized version of the beam-weighted forward signal input responsive to the synchronization input.
3. The satellite communications system of claim 1 , wherein:
the satellite comprises a beacon transmitter; and
the synchronization subsystem comprises:
a loopback input; and
a synchronization output coupled with the synchronization input, the synchronization output responsive to phase-synchronization of a beacon signal and a loopback signal both received at the loopback input.
4. The satellite communications system of claim 3 , wherein each gateway terminal further comprises a loopback transmitter.
5. The satellite communications system of claim 1 , wherein each gateway terminal further comprises a local instance of the synchronization subsystem.
6. The satellite communications system of any of claim 1 , further comprising:
the synchronization subsystem, wherein each of the plurality of geographically distributed gateway terminals is coupled with the synchronization subsystem via the distribution network.
7. The satellite communications system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a crosstalk canceler having:
a plurality of feed input ports configured to receive feed input signals from the plurality of gateway terminals; and
a plurality of feed output ports configured to transmit crosstalk-compensated feed signals, the crosstalk-compensated feed signals generated as a function of the feed input signals and a stored crosstalk matrix.
8. The satellite communications system of claim 7 , wherein the crosstalk canceler is disposed in the beamformer.
9. The satellite communications system of claim 1 , wherein the forward beamformer comprises:
a beam weight input to receive the plurality of forward beam weights.
10. The satellite communications system of claim 1 , wherein:
the forward data stream input comprises K forward data stream inputs, each corresponding to a respective one of K formed forward user beams;
the plurality of geographically distributed gateway terminals comprises L feeder uplink signal outputs;
the plurality of forward beam weights comprises L×K beam weights; and
the beam-weighted forward signal outputs correspond to L composites of the K forward data stream inputs beam-weighted according to the L×K beam weights.
11. A method for ground-based beamforming in a satellite communications system, the method comprising:
generating each of L beam-weighted forward signals by applying respective forward beam weights of a plurality of forward beam weights to a plurality of forward data streams, the plurality of forward beam weights computed so that receipt by focused antenna elements of a feeder antenna subsystem of a satellite and transmission by beamforming antenna elements of a user antenna subsystem of the satellite causes the beam-weighted forward data signals to spatially combine to form a plurality of user beams, each of the plurality of forward data streams including data destined for a respective one of the plurality of user beams;
communicating each of the L beam-weighted forward signals to a corresponding one of M geographically distributed gateway terminals;
synchronizing the beam-weighted forward signals at the gateway terminals to generate L beam-weighted mutually synchronized forward uplink signals; and
transmitting the L beam-weighted mutually synchronized forward uplink signals, each being transmitted from a corresponding one of the M geographically distributed gateway terminals to the satellite, each of the M geographically distributed gateway terminals operating at a same carrier frequency.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
receiving, from the satellite, a plurality of return downlink signals at the M geographically distributed gateway terminals;
synchronizing the return downlink signals at the M geographically distributed gateway terminals to generate a plurality of mutually synchronized return signals; and
beam-weighting the plurality of mutually synchronized return signals to generate beam-weighted mutually synchronized return signals.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the beam-weighted mutually synchronized return signals comprise L beam-weighted mutually synchronized return signals;
the plurality of user beams comprises K user beams; and
beam-weighting the plurality of mutually synchronized return signals comprises applying L×K return beam weights to the L beam-weighted mutually synchronized return signals to recover K return data streams.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the synchronizing comprises:
receiving a beacon signal at the gateway terminals, the beacon signal transmitted from the satellite;
receiving, at each gateway terminal, a respective loopback signal transmitted from the satellite; and
phase-synchronizing, at each gateway terminal, the received respective loopback signal with the received beacon signal.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
receiving feed input signals from the gateway terminals; and
generating crosstalk-corrected feed signals as a function of the feed input signals and a stored crosstalk matrix.