Lightning strike protection surfacer and method of manufacturing the same
A thermoplastic surfacer for providing lightning strike protection to a composite component of an aircraft, methods of manufacturing the surfacer, and methods of applying the surfacer to a composite part. The thermoplastic surfacer includes a broadgood having an amorphous thermoplastic resin, one or more fillers embedded into the broadgood, and a lightning strike protection mesh or foil embedded into the broadgood. When applying the surfacer to a composite part of an aircraft, the method includes draping the surfacer on an at least partially unconsolidated composite part, consolidating the at least partially unconsolidated composite part by heating the part to a temperature at or above a melt temperature of a resins used in the part and in the surfacer, and filling at least one surface defect in the consolidated part using the amorphous thermoplastic polymer resin and milled fibers provided in the thermoplastic surfacer.
1. A thermoplastic surfacer for providing lightning strike protection to a composite component of an aircraft, the thermoplastic surfacer comprising:
a broadgood including an amorphous thermoplastic resin;
one or more fillers embedded into the broadgood; and
a lightning strike protection mesh or foil embedded into the broadgood.
2. The thermoplastic surfacer of claim 1 , wherein the broadgood is composed of thermoplastic fibers in the form of a drapable nonwoven fleece or felt.
3. The thermoplastic surfacer of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fillers include at least one of milled glass fibers, milled graphite fibers, milled carbon fibers, nanoclay, talc, calcium carbonate, Kaolin, Wollastonite, mica, nanotubes, or nanonickel strands.
4. The thermoplastic surfacer of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous thermoplastic resin is one of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polysulfone (PSU), polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), and polyetherimide (PEI).
5. The thermoplastic surfacer of claim 1 further comprising a binder spray configured to bind the one or more fillers to the broadgood.
6. The thermoplastic surfacer of claim 1 further comprising a veil abutting the lightning strike protection mesh or foil.
7. A method of manufacturing a thermoplastic surfacer for providing lightning strike protection to a composite component of an aircraft, the method comprising:
conveying a matrix resin fleece along one or more conveyor tables, the matrix resin fleece comprising a broadgood having an amorphous thermoplastic resin embedded therein;
embedding one or more fillers into the matrix resin fleece;
heating the matrix resin fleece until at least a portion of the amorphous thermoplastic resin reaches a melt temperature of the amorphous thermoplastic resin; and
embedding a lightning strike protection mesh or foil into the matrix resin fleece.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising applying a binder spray to the matrix resin fleece, the binder spray configured to adhere the one or more fillers to the matrix resin fleece.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the binder spray is applied to the matrix resin fleece prior to the step of embedding the one or more fillers into the matrix resin fleece.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the binder spray is applied to the matrix resin fleece after the step of embedding the one or more fillers into the matrix resin fleece.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the amorphous thermoplastic resin is one of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polysulfone (PSU), polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), and polyetherimide (PEI).
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the broadgood is composed of thermoplastic fibers in the form of a drapable nonwoven fleece.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of embedding the one or more fillers into the matrix resin fleece includes embedding at least one of milled carbon fibers, milled graphite fibers, milled glass fibers, nanoclay, talc, calcium carbonate, Kaolin, Wollastonite, mica, nanotubes, or nanonickel strands into the matrix resin fleece.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of embedding the one or more fillers into the matrix resin fleece includes using at least one of a vacuum assisted table, an electrostatic table, or a vibration table to embed the one or more fillers into the matrix resin fleece.
15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of embedding the lightning strike protection mesh or foil into the matrix resin fleece includes calendaring the lightning strike protection mesh or foil into the matrix resin fleece.
16. The method of claim 7 further comprising embedding a veil into the matrix resin fleece.
17. The method of claim 7 further comprising heating the lightning strike protection mesh or foil prior to the step of embedding the lightning strike protection mesh or foil into the matrix resin fleece.
18. The method of claim 7 further comprising cooling the matrix resin fleece with the lightning strike protection mesh embedded therein and spooling the thermoplastic surfacer onto a takeup roll.
19. A method of applying a thermoplastic surfacer to a composite part of an aircraft, the method comprising:
draping a thermoplastic surfacer on an at least partially unconsolidated composite part, the thermoplastic surfacer including a broadgood including an amorphous thermoplastic resin, milled fibers embedded into the broadgood, and a lightning strike protection mesh or foil embedded into the broadgood;
consolidating the at least partially unconsolidated composite part thereby forming a consolidated composite part by heating the at least partially unconsolidated composite part to a temperature at or above a melt temperature of a resin used in the at least partially unconsolidated composite part and at or above a melt temperature of the amorphous thermoplastic polymer resin of the thermoplastic surfacer; and
filling at least one surface defect in the consolidated part using the amorphous thermoplastic polymer resin and milled fibers provided in the thermoplastic surfacer.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising surrounding the at least partially unconsolidated composite part and the thermoplastic surfacer with a vacuum bag and applying a vacuum pressure to the at least partially unconsolidated composite part and the thermoplastic surfacer.