ELECTROPORATION SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND APPARATUS

1 .- 191 . (canceled)

192 . A method of colocalized treatment of a lesion associated with a lung of a subject using an electroporation system, wherein the electroporation system comprises:

an applicator comprising:

a plurality of electrodes comprising a first electrode having a first tip and a second electrode having a second tip, wherein the plurality electrodes are configured to move between a retracted position and a deployed position, wherein a distance between the first tip of the first electrode and the second tip of the second electrode is greater in the deployed position than in the retracted position; and

a drug delivery channel configured to deliver at least one treatment agent to the lesion; and

a generator electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes;

the method of colocalized treatment of a lesion associated with a lung of a subject using the electroporation system comprising:

administering to the lesion an effective dose of the at least one treatment agent via the drug delivery channel; and

administering electroporation therapy to the lesion via the generator and the plurality of electrodes.

193 . The method of claim 192 , wherein administering the electroporation therapy comprises:

disposing the first electrode into or adjacent to the lesion and the second electrode into or adjacent to the lesion; and

delivering at least one electric pulse from the generator to the first electrode and the second electrode.

194 . The method of claim 192 , wherein the applicator further comprises a control portion; an insertion tube connected to the control portion; and an actuator engaged with the control portion, wherein at least a portion of the actuator is movable relative to the control portion and the insertion tube to cause at least the plurality of electrodes to move between the retracted position and the deployed position.

195 . The method of claim 194 , wherein the actuator is further configured to cause the drug delivery channel to move between the retracted position and the deployed position.

196 . The method of claim 192 , wherein the electroporation system further comprises an insertion device comprising a rigid trocar or a flexible endoscope defining at least one working channel, wherein at least a portion of the applicator is configured to pass through the at least one working channel to access the lesion.

197 . The method of claim 192 , wherein the electroporation system further comprises at least one robotic arm engaged with the applicator to control a position of the applicator during the administration of the effective dose of the cytokine and during the administration of the electroporation therapy.

198 . The method of claim 197 , wherein the at least one robotic arm further controls the administration of the electroporation therapy by controlling electricity flow to the applicator.

199 . The method of claim 192 , wherein the electroporation system further comprises at least one visualization device configured to generate imagery of at least the lesion before or during the administration of the effective dose of the cytokine and during the administration of the electroporation therapy and/or to aid in directing the applicator to the lesion.

200 . The method of claim 199 , wherein the at least one visualization device comprises a computed tomography scanner.

201 . The method of claim 192 , wherein the generator is configured to output low-voltage electric pulses during the electroporation therapy.

202 . The method of claim 201 , wherein the electric pulses have a field strength of 400V/cm or less.

203 . The method of claim 201 , wherein each low voltage electroporation pulse defines a duration of 1 ms or greater.

204 . The method of claim 201 , wherein each low voltage electroporation pulse defines a duration from 0.5 ms to 1 s.

205 . The method of claim 192 , wherein the at least one treatment agent comprises a nucleic acid encoding a therapeutic protein (cytokine).

206 . The method of claim 205 , wherein the cytokine comprises IL-12.

207 . The method of claim 192 , wherein the lesion is lung cancer.

208 . The method of claim 207 , wherein the lung cancer is metastatic cancer.

209 . The method of claim 207 , wherein the lung cancer is small cell lung cancer or non-small cell lung cancer.

210 . A system configured to administer colocalized treatment of a lesion associated with a lung of a subject, the system comprising:

an applicator comprising:

a plurality of electrodes comprising a first electrode having a first tip and a second electrode having a second tip, wherein the plurality electrodes are configured to move between a retracted position and a deployed position, wherein a distance between the first tip of the first electrode and the second tip of the second electrode is greater in the deployed position than in the retracted position; and

a drug delivery channel configured to deliver at least one treatment agent to the lesion; and

a generator electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes;

wherein the system is configured to administer to the lesion an effective dose of the at least one treatment agent via the drug delivery channel, and administer electroporation therapy to the lesion via the generator and the plurality of electrodes.

211 . The system of claim 210 , wherein the applicator further comprises a control portion; an insertion tube connected to the control portion; and an actuator engaged with the control portion, wherein at least a portion of the actuator is movable relative to the control portion and the insertion tube to cause the plurality of electrodes to move between the retracted position and the deployed position.

212 . The system of claim 210 , further comprising at least one robotic arm engaged with the applicator to control a position of the applicator during the administration of the effective dose of the cytokine and during the administration of the electroporation therapy.