Methods and apparatuses for processing ultrasound signals
Aspects of the technology described herein related to an ultrasound processing unit (UPU) including gray-coding circuitry configured to convert standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to gray-coded digital ultrasound signals and gray-decoding circuitry coupled to the gray-coding circuitry and configured to convert the gray-coded digital ultrasound signals to standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals. The UPU may include an analog portion, a digital portion, and a data bus configured to route the gray-coded digital ultrasound signals from the analog portion to the digital portion subsequent to converting the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to the gray-coded digital ultrasound signals. The analog portion may include multiple analog front-ends (AFEs), the gray-coding circuitry, and an analog-to-digital converter. The digital portion may include the gray-decoding circuitry. A data bus from one AFE may pass over another AFE.
1. An ultrasound processing unit (UPU), comprising:
an analog portion configured to receive analog ultrasound signals, the analog portion comprising:
multiple analog front-ends (AFEs) comprising a first AFE and a second AFE, the first AFE of the multiple AFEs comprising:
an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to convert the analog ultrasound signals to standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals; and
gray-coding circuitry coupled to the ADC and configured to convert the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals from the ADC to gray-coded digital ultrasound signals; and
a data bus configured to route the gray-coded digital ultrasound signals from the first AFE to the second AFE;
wherein the data bus passes over the second AFE of the multiple AFEs; and
a digital portion comprising gray-decoding circuitry configured to convert the gray-coded digital ultrasound signals to standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals.
2. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 1 , wherein the digital portion comprises digital processing circuitry.
3. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 1 , further comprising multiple data buses each coupled between one of the multiple AFEs and the digital portion.
4. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 1 , wherein the analog portion and the digital portion are physically separated.
5. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 1 , wherein the analog portion further comprises a pulser, a switch, and analog processing circuitry.
6. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 1 , wherein:
an ultrasound-on-chip comprises the ultrasound processing unit; and
the multiple AFEs are arranged along an elevational dimension of the ultrasound-on-chip.
7. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 6 , further comprising:
ultrasonic transducers physically located on top of each of the AFEs and arranged along the elevational dimension of the ultrasound-on-chip.
8. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 6 , wherein the ultrasound-on-chip comprises an array of ultrasonic transducers along an azimuthal dimension and an elevational dimension of the ultrasound-on-chip.
9. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 1 , wherein the gray-coding circuitry is configured to convert the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to hybrid gray-coded digital ultrasound signals.
10. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 9 , wherein the gray-decoding circuitry is configured to convert the hybrid gray-coded digital ultrasound signals to the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals.
11. An ultrasound processing unit (UPU), comprising:
gray-coding circuitry configured to convert standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to full gray-coded digital ultrasound signals,
wherein:
the gray-coding circuitry is configured to convert a standard binary coded value b N-1 b N-2 . . . b 1 b 0 to a gray coded value g N-1 g N-2 . . . g 1 g 0 ;
the gray-coding circuitry includes an exclusive-or (XOR) gate for outputting each of g N-2 , g N-3 . . . g 1 , and g 0 , where an XOR gate for outputting a given g i takes as input b i+1 and b i ; and
the gray-coding circuitry is configured to output g N-1 =b N-1 .
12. The ultrasound processing unit of claim 11 , wherein the gray-coding circuitry is configured to convert the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to the full gray-coded digital ultrasound signals such that every transition from one binary code to an adjacent binary code differs by only a single bit.
13. An ultrasound processing unit (UPU), comprising:
gray-coding circuitry configured to convert standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to full gray-coded digital ultrasound signals,
wherein:
the gray-decoding circuitry is configured to convert the full gray-coded digital ultrasound signals to the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals;
the gray-decoding circuitry is configured to convert a gray coded value g N-1 g N-2 . . . g 1 g 0 to a standard binary coded value b N-1 b N-2 . . . b 1 b 0 ;
the gray-decoding circuitry includes an exclusive-or (XOR) gate for outputting each of b N-2 , b N-3 . . . b 1 , and b 0 , where an XOR gate for outputting a given b i takes as input g i and b i+1 ; and
the gray-decoding circuitry is configured to output b N-1 =g N-1 .
14. An ultrasound processing unit (UPU), comprising:
gray-coding circuitry configured to convert standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to hybrid gray-coded digital ultrasound signals;
wherein the gray-coding circuitry is configured to convert the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to the hybrid gray-coded digital ultrasound signals such that:
a transition from mid-code to an adjacent binary code uses a gray code system in that
this transition differs by only a single bit; and
other transitions use a standard binary code system.
15. An ultrasound processing unit (UPU), comprising:
gray-coding circuitry configured to convert standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to hybrid gray-coded digital ultrasound signals,
wherein:
the gray-coding circuitry is configured to convert a standard binary coded value b N-1 b N-2 . . . b 1 b 0 to a gray coded value g N-1 g N-2 . . . g 1 g 0 ;
the gray-coding circuitry includes an exclusive-or (XOR) gate for outputting each of g N-2 , g N-3 . . . g 1 , and g 0 , where an XOR gate for outputting a given g i takes as input b N-1 and b i ; and
the gray-coding circuitry is configured to output g N-1 =b N-1 .
16. An ultrasound processing unit (UPU), comprising:
gray-coding circuitry configured to convert standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to hybrid gray-coded digital ultrasound signals; and
gray-decoding circuitry,
wherein:
the gray-coding circuitry is configured to convert the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals to hybrid gray-coded digital ultrasound signals;
the gray-decoding circuitry is configured to convert the hybrid gray-coded digital ultrasound signals to the standard binary-coded digital ultrasound signals;
the gray-decoding circuitry is configured to convert a gray coded value g N-1 g N-2 . . . g 1 g 0 to a standard binary coded value b N-1 b N-2 . . . b 1 b 0 ;
the gray-decoding circuitry includes an exclusive-or (XOR) gate for outputting each of b N-2 , b N-3 . . . b 1 , and b 0 , where an XOR gate for outputting a given b i takes as input g i , and g N-1 ; and
the gray-decoding circuitry outputs b N-1 =g N-1 .