Multi-functional composition of matter for removal of mercury from high temperature flue gas streams
A multi-functional composition of matter that is useful for injection into a flue gas stream to rapidly and efficiently remove mercury from the flue gas streams, particularly at above average flue stream temperatures of about 340° F. or higher. The multi-functional composition of matter may include a fixed carbon content of at least about 20 wt. %, a mineral content of from about 20 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, a sum of micropore plus mesopore volume of at least about 0.20 cc/g, a micropore volume to mesopore volume ratio of at least about 0.7, and a tapped density of not greater than about 0.575 g/ml. These compositions may be further characterized by number of particles per gram of the composition of matter such that the composition may have at least about 0.8 billion particles per gram, or even as many as 1.5 billion particles per gram. These physical and chemical properties may enhance (1) the oxidation reaction kinetics for the oxidation of mercury species, (2) frequency of contact events, and (3) capture and sequestration of mercury, to achieve efficient mercury capture by the composition even in high temperature flue gas streams.
1. A method for removal of mercury from a flue gas stream, comprising:
injecting particles of a multi-functional composition of matter into a flue gas stream comprising mercury, the multi-functional composition of matter comprising at least about 20 wt. % and not greater than about 75 wt. % fixed carbon, at least about 20 wt. % and not greater than about 50 wt. % minerals, and at least about 3 wt. % and not greater than about 12 wt. % aqueous-based solubilizing medium, wherein:
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a median particle size of not greater than about 15 micron;
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a sum of micropore volume plus mesopore volume that is at least about 0.20 cc/g;
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a ratio of micropore volume to mesopore volume that is at least about 0.7 and is not greater than about 1.5; and
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a tapped density that is at least about 0.35 g/ml and is not greater than about 0.575 g/ml; and
separating, from the flue gas stream, the multi-functional composition of matter particles comprising mercury collected from the flue gas stream.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the median particle size is at least about 5 micron.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of micropore volume to mesopore volume is at least about 0.9 and is not greater than about 1.5.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a nominal number of particles per gram of the multi-functional composition of matter is at least about 0.8 billion.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a nominal number of particles per gram of the multi-functional composition of matter is at least about 2.5 billion.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the minerals are selected from the group consisting of calcium-containing minerals, potassium-containing minerals, iron-containing minerals, silicon-containing minerals, sodium-containing minerals, tin-containing minerals, zinc-containing minerals, magnesium-containing minerals, aluminosilicate containing minerals, and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the minerals comprise oxide minerals.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the minerals comprise at least 1 wt. % iron-containing minerals.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-functional composition of matter comprises at least about 25 wt. % and not greater than about 40 wt. % minerals.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-functional composition of matter has a Hardgrove Grindability Index of at least about 90.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-functional composition of matter has a particle density and wherein, when the particle density is measured by liquid mercury volume-displacement, the particle density is at least about 0.5 g/cc and not greater than about 0.9 g/cc and, when the particle density is measured by sedimentary volume displacement, the particle density is at least about 0.3 g/cc and not greater than about 1.5 g/cc, wherein the particle density correlates to a surface area to volume ratio of the multi-functional composition of matter.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a halogen-containing compound, wherein the multi-functional composition of matter comprises at least about 1 wt. % and not greater than about 15 wt. % of the halogen-containing compound.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the halogen-containing compound is a bromine salt.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-functional composition of matter is injected into the flue gas stream having which has a temperature of at least about 325° F.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-functional composition of matter is injected into the flue gas stream in a location that is after an air preheater unit and before a particulate matter collection device.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-functional composition of matter is separated from the flue gas stream by collection in a particulate matter collection device.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the particulate matter collection device is selected from the group consisting of an electrostatic precipitator and a fabric filter bag house.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-functional composition of matter causes removal of at least 85% of the mercury from the flue gas stream.
19. A method, comprising:
receiving a flue gas stream comprising mercury;
injecting particles of a multi-functional composition of matter into the flue gas stream, the multi-functional composition of matter comprising at least about 20 wt. % and not greater than about 75 wt. % fixed carbon, at least about 25 wt. % and not greater than about 40 wt. % minerals, and at least about 3 wt. % and not greater than about 8 wt. % aqueous-based solubilizing medium, wherein:
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a median particle size of at least about 5 micron and not greater than about 15 micron;
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a sum of micropore volume plus mesopore volume that is at least about 0.24 cc/g;
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a ratio of micropore volume to mesopore volume is at least about 0.9 and is not greater than about 1.5; and
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a tapped density that is at least about 0.35 g/ml and is not greater than about 0.51 g/ml; and
separating particles of the the multi-functional composition of matter particles from the flue gas stream, wherein the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter cause removal of at least a portion of the mercury from the flue gas stream.
20. A method, comprising:
receiving a flue gas stream comprising mercury;
injecting particles of a multi-functional composition of matter into the flue gas stream, the multi-functional composition of matter comprising at least about 20 wt. % and not greater than about 75 wt. % fixed carbon, at least about 20 wt. % and not greater than about 50 wt. % minerals, and at least about 3 wt. % and not greater than about 12 wt. % aqueous-based solubilizing medium, wherein:
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a median particle size of at least about 5 micron and not greater than about 15 micron;
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a sum of micropore volume plus mesopore volume that is at least about 0.24 cc/g;
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a ratio of micropore volume to mesopore volume is at least about 0.9 and is not greater than about 1.5; and
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a tapped density that is at least about 0.35 g/ml and is not greater than about 0.51 g/ml;
the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter have a particle density and wherein, when the particle density is measured by liquid mercury volume-displacement, the particle density of the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter is at least about 0.5 g/cc and not greater than about 0.9 g/cc and, when the particle density is measured by sedimentary volume displacement, the particle density of the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter is at least about 0.3 g/cc and not greater than about 1.5 g/cc, wherein the particle density correlates to a surface area to volume ratio of the multi-functional composition of matter; and
separating the particles of the multi-functional composition of matter from the flue gas stream, wherein the multi-functional composition of matter causes removal of at least a portion of the mercury from the flue gas stream.