Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has an outermost surface layer that contains fluorine-containing resin particles and an antioxidant. The fluorine-containing resin particles contain 0 or more and 30 or less carboxy groups per 10 6 carbon atoms. A decrease in weight of the antioxidant when heated at 150° C. for 10 minutes in an air atmosphere is 40 mass % or less.
1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:
a conductive substrate; and
a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate,
wherein:
the electrophotographic photoreceptor has an outermost surface layer that contains fluorine-containing resin particles and an antioxidant,
the fluorine-containing resin particles contain 0 or more and 30 or less carboxy groups per 10 6 carbon atoms, and
a decrease in weight of the antioxidant when heated at 150° C. for 10 minutes in an air atmosphere is 40 mass % or less.
2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the antioxidant has a molecular weight of 240 or more and 350 or less.
3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 , wherein the antioxidant having a molecular weight of 240 or more and 350 or less is a compound having two or more benzene rings in a molecule.
4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the antioxidant contained relative to an amount of the fluorine-containing resin particles is 20 mass % or more and 60 mass % or less.
5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 , wherein an amount of the antioxidant contained relative to an amount of the fluorine-containing resin particles is 20 mass % or more and 60 mass % or less.
6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 3 , wherein an amount of the antioxidant contained relative to an amount of the fluorine-containing resin particles is 20 mass % or more and 60 mass % or less.
7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 4 , wherein an amount of the fluorine-containing resin particles relative to the outermost surface layer is 5 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less.
8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 5 , wherein an amount of the fluorine-containing resin particles relative to the outermost surface layer is 5 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less.
9. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 6 , wherein an amount of the fluorine-containing resin particles relative to the outermost surface layer is 5 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less.
10. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:
a conductive substrate; and
a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate,
wherein:
the electrophotographic photoreceptor has an outermost surface layer that contains fluorine-containing resin particles and an antioxidant,
the fluorine-containing resin particles contain 0 or more and 30 or less carboxy groups per 10 6 carbon atoms, and
when the electrophotographic photoreceptor is loaded onto a photoreceptor electrical property evaluation apparatus equipped with a charging device, an exposing device, and a charge erasing device, an absolute value of a difference ΔVH between VH1 and VH2 is 5 V or less,
where VH1 represents a charge potential of the electrophotographic photoreceptor charged after performing one cycle of a series of charging, exposing, and charge erasing steps under conditions described below, and
where VH2 represents a charge potential of the electrophotographic photoreceptor charged after performing one hundred cycles of the same steps under the conditions described below:
(Conditions)
Measurement environment: temperature of 20° C./humidity of 40% RH
Charge potential: +600 V
Exposure dose: 10 mJ/m 2
Exposure wavelength: 780 nm
Charge erasing light source: halogen lamp
Charge erasing light wavelength: 600 nm or more and 800 nm or less
Charge erasing light dose: 30 mJ/m 2
Rotation rate of photoreceptor: 66.7 rpm.
11. A process cartridge detachably attachable to an image forming apparatus, the process cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 .
12. The process cartridge according to claim 11 , further comprising:
a cleaning unit that includes a cleaning blade that cleans a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor,
wherein the cleaning blade has a portion that contacts the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and at least this portion of the cleaning blade is constituted by a member that contains a polyurethane rubber and has an endothermic peak top temperature within a range of 180° C. or more and 220° C. or less in differential scanning calorimetry.
13. An image forming apparatus comprising:
the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ;
a charging unit that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by using a developer that contains a toner so as to form a toner image; and
a transfer unit that transfers the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium.
14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 13 , further comprising:
a cleaning unit that includes a cleaning blade that cleans the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor,
wherein the cleaning blade has a portion that contacts the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and at least this portion of the cleaning blade is constituted by a member that contains a polyurethane rubber and has an endothermic peak top temperature within a range of 180° C. or more and 220° C. or less in differential scanning calorimetry.
15. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing resin particles comprise (a) particles of a fluoroolefin homopolymer, and/or (b) particles of a copolymer of two or more monomers which are at least one fluoroolefin monomer and a monomer free of fluorine atoms.
16. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 15 , wherein the fluoroolefin comprises one or more of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), perfluorovinylether, hexafluoropropylene (HFP), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), trifluoroethylene, and vinyl fluoride.
17. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 10 , wherein the fluorine-containing resin particles comprise (a) particles of a fluoroolefin homopolymer, and/or (b) particles of a copolymer of two or more monomers which are at least one fluoroolefin monomer and a monomer free of fluorine atoms.
18. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 17 , wherein the fluoroolefin comprises one or more of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), perfluorovinylether, hexafluoropropylene (HFP), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), trifluoroethylene, and vinyl fluoride.