Systems and methods for dose measurement in radiation therapy

1. A system, comprising:

at least one storage device including a set of instructions; and

at least one processor configured to communicate with the at least one storage device, wherein when executing the set of instructions, the at least one processor is configured to direct the system to perform operations including:

obtaining a treatment plan and a planning image of a subject;

obtaining one or more treatment images of the subject, wherein the one or more treatment images are generated by performing at least a portion of the treatment plan including delivering at least a radiation beam towards the subject using a radiation device;

determining primary images of the subject based on the one or more treatment images;

determining inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject by inversely attenuating the primary images to a plane located between the subject and a collimator assembly of the radiation device; and

estimating machine parameters of the radiation device corresponding to the inversely-attenuated primary images.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more treatment images includes electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the determining inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject by inversely attenuating the primary images to a plane between the subject and a collimator assembly of the radiation device includes:

obtaining a penumbra model associated with penumbra characteristics of edges of the collimator assembly; and

determining the inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject by inversely attenuating the primary images to the plane based at least in part on the penumbra model.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the penumbra characteristics of the edges of the collimator assembly are determined based on a look-up table, wherein the look-up table relates to at least one of a medium-equivalent thickness of the subject, one or more elements of the collimator assembly, a position of each of at least one element of the collimator assembly, or beam quality of the radiation device.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the look-up table further relates to a plurality of tissue types and a dimension of each of at least one of the plurality of tissue types of the subject.

6. The system of claim 3 , wherein the penumbra characteristics of edges of the collimator assembly are determined based on a forward transport of a treatment field through the subject.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the forward transport includes a Monte Carlo simulation or a Boltzmann transport algorithm.

8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the forward transport has a perturbation range associated with penumbra regions in the one or more treatment images.

9. The system of claim 6 , wherein scatter in the forward transport is determined according to a kernel based algorithm.

10. The system of claim 1 , the operations further including:

determining an input fluence map based on the inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject; and

determining an estimate of a dose delivered to the subject by inputting the input fluence map into a forward dose calculation algorithm.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the machine parameters correspond to a planned dose to be delivered to the subject.

12. A system, comprising:

at least one storage device including a set of instructions; and

at least one processor configured to communicate with the at least one storage device, wherein when executing the set of instructions, the at least one processor is configured to direct the system to perform operations including:

obtaining a treatment plan and a planning image of a subject;

obtaining one or more treatment images of the subject, wherein the one or more treatment images are generated by performing at least a portion of the treatment plan including delivering at least a radiation beam towards the subject using a radiation device;

determining primary images of the subject based on the one or more treatment images;

determining inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject by inversely attenuating the primary images to a plane located between the subject and a collimator assembly of the radiation device based at least in part on a penumbra model associated with penumbra characteristics of edges of the collimator assembly; and

determining an input fluence map based on the inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject; and

estimating a dose delivered to the subject by inputting the input fluence map into a forward dose calculation algorithm.

13. A method implemented on a computing device having a processor and a computer-readable storage device, the method comprising:

obtaining a treatment plan and a planning image of a subject;

obtaining one or more treatment images of the subject, wherein the one or more treatment images are generated by performing at least a portion of the treatment plan including delivering at least a radiation beam towards the subject using a radiation device;

determining primary images of the subject based on the one or more treatment images;

determining inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject by inversely attenuating the primary images to a plane located between the subject and a collimator assembly of the radiation device; and

estimating machine parameters of the radiation device corresponding to the inversely-attenuated primary images.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the one or more treatment images includes electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the determining inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject by inversely attenuating the primary images to a plane between the subject and a collimator assembly of the radiation device includes:

obtaining a penumbra model associated with penumbra characteristics of edges of the collimator assembly; and

determining the inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject by inversely attenuating the primary images to the plane based at least in part on the penumbra model.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the penumbra characteristics of the edges of the collimator assembly are determined based on a look-up table, wherein the look-up table relates to at least one of a medium-equivalent thickness of the subject, one or more elements of the collimator assembly, a position of each of at least one element of the collimator assembly, or beam quality of the radiation device.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the look-up table further relates to a plurality of tissue types and a dimension of each of at least one of the plurality of tissue types of the subject.

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the penumbra characteristics of edges of the collimator assembly are determined based on a forward transport of a treatment field through the subject.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the forward transport has a perturbation range associated with penumbra regions in the one or more treatment images.

20. The method of claim 13 , further including:

determining an input fluence map based on the inversely-attenuated primary images of the subject; and

determining an estimate of a dose delivered to the subject by inputting the input fluence map into a forward dose calculation algorithm.