Thermoplastic polyester particles and methods of production and uses thereof
A method of producing thermoplastic particles may comprise: mixing a melt emulsion comprising (a) a continuous phase that comprises a carrier fluid having a polarity Hansen solubility parameter (dP) of about 7 MPa 0.5 or less, (b) a dispersed phase that comprises a dispersing fluid having a dP of about 8 MPa 0.5 or more, and (c) an inner phase that comprises a thermoplastic polyester at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polyester and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the thermoplastic polyester in the dispersed phase; and cooling the melt emulsion to below the melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polyester to form solidified particles comprising the thermoplastic polyester.
1. A method comprising:
mixing a melt emulsion comprising (a) a continuous phase that comprises a carrier fluid having a polarity Hansen solubility parameter (d P ) of about 7 MPa 0.5 or less, (b) a dispersed phase that comprises a dispersing fluid having a d P of about 8 MPa 0.5 or more, and (c) an inner phase that comprises a thermoplastic polyester at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polyester and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the thermoplastic polyester in the dispersed phase; and
cooling the melt emulsion to below the melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polyester to form solidified particles comprising the thermoplastic polyester.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the mixing is about 200° C. to about 320° C.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling is to a temperature below 160° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid comprises a member selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oils, perfluorinated silicone oils, paraffins, liquid petroleum jelly, vison oils, turtle oils, soya bean oils, perhydrosqualene, sweet almond oils, calophyllum oils, palm oils, parleam oils, grapeseed oils, sesame oils, maize oils, rapeseed oils, sunflower oils, cottonseed oils, apricot oils, castor oils, avocado oils, jojoba oils, olive oils, cereal germ oils, esters of lanolic acid, esters of oleic acid, esters of lauric acid, esters of stearic acid, fatty esters, higher fatty acids, fatty alcohols, polysiloxanes modified with fatty acids, polysiloxanes modified with fatty alcohols, polysiloxanes modified with polyoxy alkylenes, and any combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dispersing fluid comprises a member selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, alkyl-terminal polyethylene glycols, esters of lanolic acid, esters of oleic acid, esters of lauric acid, esters of stearic acid, fatty esters, higher fatty acids, fatty alcohols, polysiloxanes modified with fatty acids, polysiloxanes modified with fatty alcohols, polysiloxanes modified with polyoxy alkylenes, and any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid comprises a silicone oil and the dispersing fluid comprises an alkyl-terminal polyethylene glycol.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the carrier fluid to the dispersing fluid of about 1:3 to about 100:1.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polyester is present at 90 wt % to 99.5 wt % of the solidified particles.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises an emulsion stabilizer.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the emulsion stabilizer is associated with a surface of the solidified particles.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least a portion of the emulsion stabilizer is embedded in the surface of the solidified particles.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polyester comprises a member selected from the group consisting of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhexamethylene terephthalate, and any combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solidified particles have a sintering window that is within 5° C. of a sintering window of the thermoplastic polyester before forming the solidified particles.
14. A method comprising:
mixing a melt emulsion comprising (a) a continuous phase that comprises a carrier fluid having a polarity Hansen solubility parameter (d P ) of about 7 MPa 0.5 or less, (b) a dispersed phase that comprises a dispersing fluid having a d P of about 8 MPa 0.5 or more, and (c) an inner phase that comprises a thermoplastic polyester at about 200° C. to about 320° C. and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the thermoplastic polyester in the dispersed phase, wherein the thermoplastic polyester comprises a member selected from the group consisting of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhexamethylene terephthalate, and any combination thereof; and
cooling the melt emulsion to below 160° C. to form solidified particles comprising the thermoplastic polyester.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the mixture further comprises an emulsion stabilizer, and wherein at least a portion of the emulsion stabilizer is embedded in the surface of the solidified particles.