Thermosensitive nanosensor for instantaneous transcutaneous biological measurement
A thermosensitive nanosensor includes a substrate having a plurality of vertically standing nanostructures attached thereto, the plurality of vertically standing nanostructure being covered with a conductive material to form conductive coated nanostructures; a thermosensitive hydrogel adjacent to the plurality of conductive coated nanostructures; and a cover layer on top of the thermosensitive hydrogel to prevent loss of moisture and mechanical stress.
1. A thermosensitive nanosensor comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of vertically standing nanostructures attached thereto, the plurality of vertically standing nanostructure being covered with a conductive material to form conductive coated nanostructures;
a thermosensitive hydrogel adjacent to the plurality of conductive coated nanostructures;
a cover layer on top of the thermosensitive hydrogel to prevent loss of moisture and mechanical stress.
2. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes a fabric sandwiched between an insulating layer and conductive layer.
3. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the cover layer encases the thermosensitive hydrogel.
4. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the cover layer is provided as a coating over the thermosensitive hydrogel.
5. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of the conductive coated nanostructures are coated with the hydrogel, and the hydrogel is coated with the cover layer.
6. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel is interdispersed among the conductive coated nanostructures.
7. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 6 , wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel includes a plurality of hydrogel strips.
8. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel surrounds the plurality of the conductive coated nanostructures.
9. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel and cover layer form a covered thermosensitive hydrogel ring which surrounds the plurality of the conductive coated nanostructures.
10. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 9 , wherein the covered thermosensitive hydrogel ring surrounds the substrate.
11. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures are made of a polymer.
12. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 11 , wherein the polymer is embedded into a matrix polymer to form a yarn.
13. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 12 , wherein the yarn is a micro denier yarn.
14. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 12 , wherein the matrix polymer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide and poly lactic acid.
15. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 12 , wherein the matrix polymer is made of a polyethylene terephthalate modified with sulfonated isocyanate.
16. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 2 , wherein the conductive material comprises at least one of metals, alloys, and graphene structures.
17. The conductive layer of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material comprises at least one of metals, alloys, and graphene structures.
18. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel is applied as a protective conformal coating film.
19. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures are made of a polymer material selected from the group of polyesters consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthanate or polybutylene terephthalate.
20. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures are made of a polyester and/or polyether-based polyurethane.
21. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures are made of polyolefins such as polypropylene.
22. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel layer is applied as an annular ring.
23. A 3-electrode chemical cell, comprising an array of thermosensitive nanosensors according to claim 1 internconnected to provide a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode.
24. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein an enzyme or buffer is included in the hydrogel, the enzyme or buffer selected to detect a metabolite.
25. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel comprises a comb-like structure formed by grafting polymer chains with hydrophilic end groups such as amines, amides, acrylates.
26. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel is a hydrogel polymer network comprising hydrophilic groups selected from the group consisting of amines, amides, and acrylates.
27. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel is an interpenetrating polymer network gel.
28. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 26 , wherein the interpenetrating polymer network gel includes polyacrylamide and polyacrylate.
29. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel is selectively crosslinked by varying the concentration of initiator used during hydrogel polymerization.
30. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel has a micelle like structure which opens up on contact with moisture.
31. The thermosensitive nanosensor of claim 1 , wherein the cover layer is in the form of elastomers, fibers or films from at least one of the natural, synthetic, and inorganic polymers.