Method and additive for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions
The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion.
1. A composition, comprising:
a nitrogenous material comprising one or more of ammonia and an ammonia precursor;
a binder; and
a thermal stability agent comprising one or more of a metal hydroxide, a metal carbonate, a metal bicarbonate, and ash,
wherein:
the thermal stability agent is bound by the binder to the nitrogenous material, and a molar ratio of the thermal stability agent to the nitrogenous material ranges from about 1:1 to about 10:1.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises the metal hydroxide and wherein the ammonia precursor is a compound that thermally decomposes or hydrolyzes to form one or more of ammonia gas, free radicals of ammonia, and amines.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises the metal carbonate and wherein the ammonia precursor is one or more of an amine, an amide, cyanuric acid, a nitride, and a urea.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises the metal bicarbonate and wherein the molar ratio of the thermal stability agent to the nitrogenous material ranges from about 0.5:1 to about 2:1.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises the ash.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises the ammonia and wherein the thermal stability agent forms, when the composition is combusted, one or more of a thermally protective barrier and a heat sink around the nitrogenous material to reduce thermal degradation of the nitrogenous material.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises the ammonia precursor, wherein the nitrogenous material is in the form of particles having an exterior surface, and wherein the thermal stability agent is in contact with some, but not all of the exterior surface of the nitrogenous material particles.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material is in the form of particles having an exterior surface, and wherein the thermal stability agent is bound to and substantially surrounds the exterior surface of the nitrogenous material particles.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or both.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises calcium, magnesium, or both.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material is in the form of particles having a particle size distribution (P 80 ) from about 20 to about 6 mesh (Tyler), wherein the nitrogenous material further comprise a substrate, and wherein the substrate is a porous matrix comprising one or more of zeolite, char, graphite, and ash.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the binder is one or more of a wax, a wax derivative, a gum, a gum derivative, and an alkaline binding agent.
13. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising coal, wherein the coal is one or more of a high alkali coal, a high iron coal, and a high sulfur coal.
14. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a halogen compound.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is in the form of one or more of a slurry, a sludge, and a solution.
16. A composition, comprising:
a nitrogenous material comprising one or more of ammonia, an amine, an amide, cyanuric acid, a nitride, and a urea; and
a thermal stability agent comprising one or more of a metal hydroxide, a metal carbonate, a metal bicarbonate, and ash,
wherein the thermal stability agent is bound to and substantially surrounds the nitrogenous material and forms, when the composition is combusted, one or more of a thermally protective barrier and a heat sink around the nitrogenous material to reduce thermal degradation of the nitrogenous material, and
wherein a molar ratio of the thermal stability agent to the nitrogenous material ranges from about 1:1 to about 10:1.
17. The composition of claim 16 , further comprising a binder, wherein the binder is one or more of a wax, a wax derivative, a gum, a gum derivative, and an alkaline binding agent.
18. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the molar ratio of the thermal stability agent to the nitrogenous material ranges from about 0.5:1 to about 2:1.
19. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, and an alkaline earth metal bicarbonate and wherein the thermal stability agent comprises calcium, magnesium, or both.
20. A composition, comprising:
a nitrogenous material comprising one or more of ammonia, an amine, an amide, cyanuric acid, a nitride, and a urea;
a binder; and
a thermal stability agent comprising one or more of an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal bicarbonate, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, and an alkaline earth metal bicarbonate,
wherein a molar ratio of the thermal stability agent to the nitrogenous material ranges from about 1:1 to about 10:1.
21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the nitrogenous material is in the form of particles having an exterior surface, and wherein the thermal stability agent is in contact with some, but not all of the exterior surface of the nitrogenous material particles.
22. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the nitrogenous material is in the form of particles having an exterior surface, and wherein the thermal stability agent is bound to and substantially surrounds the exterior surface of the nitrogenous material particles.
23. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of the alkaline earth metal hydroxide, the alkaline earth metal carbonate, and the alkaline earth metal bicarbonate and wherein the thermal stability agent comprises calcium, magnesium, or both.
24. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the binder is one or more of a wax, a wax derivative, a gum, a gum derivative, and an alkaline binding agent.