Methods and apparatus for using signal pre-distortion with individual power amplifier (PA) control
Controllable radio frequency power amplifiers (RFPAs), e.g., in a Hybrid-MIMO array, which are being driven at lower power levels, are operated at conditions such that their inherent EVM and ACLR are intentionally further increased. This increase of inherent EVM and ACLR is done in a precise manner, and the increased inherent EVM and ACLR are cancelled or reduced by the EVM and ACLR of the input Array DPD signal. The net result is improved EVM and ACLR performance over a broader range of angles. Exemplary methods and apparatus for increasing distortion include individual or combinations of: i) changing the DC bias a RFPA based on average operating power level; ii) changing supply voltage, e.g. Vcc, of a RFPA based on average operating power level, iii) adding a controllable non-linear element, such as a diode or varactor, at the input of the RFPA, based on the average operating power.
1. A communications method, the method comprising:
applying signal pre-distortion to a signal to be transmitted to distort the signal prior to transmission, the distorted signal being a pre-distorted signal;
supplying the pre-distorted signal to power amplifiers in a transmission array, the power amplifiers in the transmission array including a first power amplifier corresponding to a first transmitter element and a second power amplifier corresponding to a second transmitter element, the first power amplifier being driven at a first power level, said second power amplifier being driven at a second power level lower than said first power level;
controlling the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by the second power amplifier; and
controlling the first power amplifier to intentionally introduce less signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by the first power amplifier than is intentionally introduced by the second power amplifier or to control the first power amplifier to amplify the pre-distorted signal without the intentional introduction of signal distortion into pre-distorted signal being amplified.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion includes controlling one or more of: i) a bias voltage supplied to a bias voltage input of the second power amplifier, ii) a supply voltage supplied to the second power amplifier, and iii) a non-linear control circuit coupled to a signal input, of the second power amplifier, to which the pre-distorted signal is supplied.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said signal pre-distortion at least partially compensates for signal distortion unintentionally introduced by one or more to the power amplifiers in the transmission array.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein control of a third power amplifier is implemented based on one or more power amplifier control parameters, the method further comprising:
changing at least one of said one or more power amplifier control parameters used to control the third power amplifier in response to a change in average input power to the third power amplifier.
5. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein power amplifiers in said array are individually controlled and some power amplifiers are intentionally controlled to introduce distortions into the pre-distorted signal being amplified.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the amount of intentional signal distortion introduced is increased the lower the power level at which the power amplifier is driven, power amplifiers driven at a lower power having more signal distortion intentionally introduced than power amplifiers driven at higher power levels.
7. A communications method, the method comprising:
applying signal pre-distortion to a signal to be transmitted to distort the signal prior to transmission, the distorted signal being a pre-distorted signal;
supplying the pre-distorted signal to power amplifiers in a transmission array, the power amplifiers in the transmission array including a first power amplifier corresponding to a first transmitter element and a second power amplifier corresponding to a second transmitter element, the first power amplifier being driven at a first power level, said second power amplifier being driven at a second power level lower than said first power level; and
controlling the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by the second power amplifier;
wherein controlling the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion includes controlling one or more of: i) a bias voltage supplied to a bias voltage input of the second power amplifier, ii) a supply voltage supplied to the second power amplifier, and iii) a non-linear control circuit coupled to a signal input, of the second power amplifier, to which the pre-distorted signal is supplied; and
wherein control of the second power amplifier is implemented based on one or more power amplifier control parameters, the method further comprising:
changing at least one of said one or more power amplifier control parameters in response to a change in average input power to the second power amplifier.
8. The method of claim 7 ,
wherein changes in the control of the second power amplifier are implemented at a slower rate than a rate at which signal pre-distortion implemented by a signal pre-distorter is changed.
9. A communications method, the method comprising:
applying signal pre-distortion to a signal to be transmitted to distort the signal prior to transmission, the distorted signal being a pre-distorted signal;
supplying the pre-distorted signal to power amplifiers in a transmission array, the power amplifiers in the transmission array including a first power amplifier corresponding to a first transmitter element and a second power amplifier corresponding to a second transmitter element, the first power amplifier being driven at a first power level, said second power amplifier being driven at a second power level lower than said first power level; and
controlling the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by the second power amplifier;
wherein controlling the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion includes controlling one or more of: i) a bias voltage supplied to a bias voltage input of the second power amplifier, ii) a supply voltage supplied to the second power amplifier, and iii) a non-linear control circuit coupled to a signal input, of the second power amplifier, to which the pre-distorted signal is supplied;
wherein the second power amplifier is driven at a power level that results in a higher error vector magnitude (EVM) and/or higher adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) than would be introduced if the second power amplifier operated at a higher power level; and
wherein a pre-distorter introduces signal distortion which cancels out at least some of the signal distortion introduced by operating the second power amplifier at said power level.
10. A communications device, comprising:
a digital signal predistorter controllably distorting a signal to be transmitted thereby producing a pre-distorted signal;
a plurality of antenna elements;
a set of power amplifiers arranged in parallel and being coupled to the digital signal predistorter, each of the power amplifiers in the set of power amplifiers being coupled to a different antenna element and receiving the pre-distorted signal in a transmission array; and
a controller controlling at least one of the power amplifiers to intentionally introduce signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by said at least one power amplifier;
wherein the set of power amplifiers includes a first power amplifier; and
wherein the controller is further configured to control the first power amplifier to intentionally introduce less signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by the first power amplifier than is intentionally introduced by a second power amplifier or to control the first power amplifier to amplify the pre-distorted signal without the intentional introduction of signal distortion into pre-distorted signal being amplified.
11. The communications device of claim 10 , wherein said at least one of the power amplifiers is the second power amplifier in an array of power amplifiers;
and wherein the controller is configured to control the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion, wherein controlling the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion includes controlling one or more of: i) a bias voltage supplied to a bias voltage input of the second power amplifier, ii) a supply voltage supplied to the second power amplifier, and iii) a non-linear control circuit coupled to a signal input, of the second power amplifier, to which the pre-distorted signal is supplied.
12. The communications device of claim 10 , wherein said set of power amplifiers further includes a third power amplifier corresponding to a third transmission element, the third power amplifier being driven at a third power level, said third power level being lower than first and second power levels corresponding to said first and second power amplifiers respectively; and
wherein said controller is further configured to control the third power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by the third power amplifier.
13. The communications device of claim 12 , wherein the controller is configured, as part of controlling the third power amplifier, to intentionally introduce signal distortion by controlling one or more of: i) a bias voltage supplied to a bias voltage input of the third power amplifier, ii) a supply voltage supplied to the third power amplifier, or iii) a non-linear control circuit coupled to a signal input of the third power amplifier to which the pre-distorted signal is supplied.
14. The communications device of claim 12 , wherein the controller is configured to control the third power amplifier to intentionally introduce more signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by the third power amplifier than is intentionally introduced by the second power amplifier or the first power amplifier.
15. The communications device of claim 10 , wherein said signal pre-distortion at least partially compensates for signal distortion unintentionally introduced by one or more to the power amplifiers in the transmission array.
16. A communications device, comprising:
a digital signal predistorter controllably distorting a signal to be transmitted thereby producing a pre-distorted signal;
a plurality of antenna elements;
a set of power amplifiers arranged in parallel and being coupled to the digital signal predistorter, each of the power amplifiers in the set of power amplifiers being coupled to a different antenna element and receiving the pre-distorted signal in a transmission array; and
a controller controlling at least one of the power amplifiers to intentionally introduce signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by said at least one power amplifier;
wherein said at least one of the power amplifiers includes a second power amplifier in an array of power amplifiers;
and wherein the controller is configured to control the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion includes controlling one or more of: i) a bias voltage supplied to a bias voltage input of the second power amplifier, ii) a supply voltage supplied to the second power amplifier, and iii) a non-linear control circuit coupled to a signal input, of the second power amplifier, to which the pre-distorted signal is supplied; and
wherein the controller controls the second power amplifier based on the value of one or more power amplifier control parameters; and
wherein the controller changes at least one of said one or more power amplifier control parameters in response to a change in average input power to the second power amplifier.
17. The communications device of claim 16 ,
wherein the controller changes in the control of the second power amplifier are implemented at a slower rate than a rate at which signal pre-distortion implemented by the digital signal predistorter is changed.
18. A communications device, comprising:
a digital signal predistorter controllably distorting a signal to be transmitted thereby producing a pre-distorted signal;
a plurality of antenna elements;
a set of power amplifiers arranged in parallel and being coupled to the digital signal predistorter, each of the power amplifiers in the set of power amplifiers being coupled to a different antenna element and receiving the pre-distorted signal in a transmission array; and
a controller controlling at least one of the power amplifiers to intentionally introduce signal distortion into the pre-distorted signal being amplified by said at least one power amplifier;
wherein said at least one of the power amplifiers includes a second power amplifier in an array of power amplifiers;
and wherein the controller is configured to control the second power amplifier to intentionally introduce signal distortion includes controlling one or more of: i) a bias voltage supplied to a bias voltage input of the second power amplifier, ii) a supply voltage supplied to the second power amplifier, and iii) a non-linear control circuit coupled to a signal input, of the second power amplifier, to which the pre-distorted signal is supplied; and
wherein controller drives the second power amplifier at a power level that results in a higher error vector magnitude (EVM) and/or higher adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) than would be introduced if the second power amplifier operated at a higher power level; and
wherein the digital signal predistorter introduces signal distortion which cancels out at least some of the signal distortion introduced by operating the second power amplifier at said power level.