Energy efficient laser arrangement
A laser arrangement includes a laser array including a plurality of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting lasers and an optical structure including a diffuser arranged to change a distribution of the laser light. The optical structure is configured to transform the laser light to transformed laser light such that an overlap of the emission cones of at least a group of the plurality of lasers is increased in field-of-view in comparison to perfectly collimated laser light diffused to a flat-top intensity profile in the field-of-view. The optical structure is arranged to redirect the laser light emitted at angles of the emission cone to the field-of-view so as to increase the overlap of the emitted laser light in the field-of-view. The optical structure is also configured to provide a slope angle α of an intensity profile along a direction of the field-of-view that is smaller than a divergence angle of the laser.
1. A laser arrangement comprising:
a laser array including a plurality of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting lasers, each laser emitting laser light in form of an emission cone; and
an optical structure including a diffuser arranged to change a distribution of the laser light, the optical structure being configured to transform the laser light to transformed laser light such that an overlap of the emission cones of at least a group of the plurality of lasers is increased in field-of-view in comparison to perfectly collimated laser light diffused to a flat-top intensity profile in the field-of-view,
wherein the optical structure is arranged to redirect the laser light emitted at angles of the emission cone to the field-of-view so as to increase the overlap of the emitted laser light in the field-of-view such that an intensity of the defined illumination pattern varies in the field-of-view less than 20%;
wherein the optical structure is configured to provide a slope angle α of an intensity profile along a direction of the field-of-view that is smaller than a divergence angle of the laser in the direction of the field-of-view.
2. The laser arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the diffuser is configured to transform the laser light to the transformed laser light.
3. The laser arrangement according to claim 2 , wherein each emission cone has a maximum divergence angle, wherein the diffuser is arranged at a distance to a light-emitting surface of each laser such that the emission cones of the laser do not overlap in a plane of the diffuser, and wherein the diffuser comprises at least two different segments per laser, each of the at least two different segments are characterized by a different diffuser structure, and wherein each segment is arranged to direct laser light received by the respective laser segment to the field-of-view.
4. The laser arrangement according to claim 3 , wherein each segment of the diffuser is arranged to redirect the laser light received by the respective segment in a direction of a surface normal to a light exit area of the diffuser depending on an angle of the laser light within the respective emission cone with respect to the surface normal such that an overlap of the transformed laser light in the field-of-view is increased.
5. The laser arrangement according to claim 4 , wherein each segment of the diffuser is arranged such that a degree of redirection increases with increasing angle of the emitted laser light within the respective emission cone with respect to the surface normal.
6. The laser arrangement according to claim 2 , wherein the diffuser is arranged at a distance to light-emitting surfaces of the lasers such that the emission cones of a multitude of lasers overlap, and wherein the diffuser comprises at least two different segments, and wherein each segment is arranged to redirect laser light received by the respective segment to the field-of-view.
7. The laser arrangement according to claim 6 , wherein the distance to the light-emitting surfaces of the lasers is such that each segment of the diffuser receives laser light from the laser array within a predefined range of angles with respect a surface normal to a light exit area of the diffuser.
8. The laser arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the optical structure further comprises an optical device, wherein the diffuser is arranged to diffuse the laser light received from the lasers, wherein the diffuser has a light exit area through which the diffused laser light leaves the diffuser, wherein the optical device comprises a light entrance window for receiving the diffused laser light, and wherein the optical device is arranged to redirect the diffused laser light to the field-of-view such that the laser light is transformed to the transformed laser light.
9. The laser arrangement according to claim 8 , wherein the optical device comprises tilted mirrors, wherein a tilt angle of the tilted mirrors is defined with respect to the surface normal, wherein the tilt angle is arranged to provide the intensity of the defined illumination pattern.
10. The laser arrangement according to claim 9 , wherein each emission cone is characterized by a maximum divergence angle θ 2 , wherein an angle of extension of the field-of-view in the direction of the maximum divergence angle θ 2 is given by θ 1 , and wherein the tilt angle is given by θ G =θ 1 /2+/−5° in the direction of the maximum divergence angle θ 2 .
11. A light emitting device comprising at least one laser arrangement according to claim 1 and an electrical driver for providing an electrical drive current to the laser arrangement.
12. The laser arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the optical structure is arranged to redirect the laser light emitted at angles of the emission cone to the field-of-view so as to increase the overlap of the emitted laser light in the field-of-view such that an intensity of the defined illumination pattern varies in the field-of-view less than 5%.
13. A method of fabricating a laser arrangement, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a semiconductor substrate,
providing a laser array comprising a multitude of lasers on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein each laser is characterized by an emission cone,
providing an optical structure,
arranging the optical structure to transform laser light emitted by the lasers to transformed laser light such that an overlap of laser light comprised by the emission cones of at least a group of the lasers is increased in a defined field-of-view in comparison to a diffuser which is arranged to diffuse perfectly collimated laser light to a flat-top intensity profile in the field-of-view, wherein the optical structure is arranged to redirect the laser light emitted at large angles of the emission cone to the field-of-view; wherein the optical structure is arranged to increase the overlap of the emitted laser light in the field-of-view such that an intensity of the defined illumination pattern varies in the field-of-view less than 20%;
wherein the optical structure is arranged to provide a slope angle α of an intensity profile along a direction of the field-of-view, wherein the slope angle α is smaller than a divergence angle of the laser in the direction of the field-of-view.
14. A time-of-flight camera comprising the light emitting device according to claim 13 , and a light detector for detecting transformed laser light reflected by an object, and wherein and evaluator is arranged to determine a distance to the object by means of the transformed laser light detected by the light detector.