Method and system for pacing pulse detection and pacing artifact rejection
A method and system for detecting pacing pulses originating from implanted pacemaker using surface Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals measured at a relatively low sampling rate and also rejecting the pacing artifacts from the recorded surface ECG signals.
1. A method to assess pacemaker modes and function, comprising:
measuring, by a wearable sensor, an analog electrocardiogram (ECG) signal;
measuring, by the wearable sensor, an analog accelerometer (ACC) signal;
processing, by the wearable sensor, the analog ECG signal in a first channel and providing a first channel output;
processing, by the wearable sensor, the analog ECG signal and the ACC signal in a second channel and providing a second channel output; and
assessing, by the wearable sensor, a mode and function of a pacemaker device using correspondence measures between the first channel output and the second channel output;
wherein the processing the ECG signal includes extracting energy of pacing pulses using filters tuned to capture spectral content outside ECG frequencies of interest from the ECG signal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processing the ECG signal further includes scaling the energy of the pacing signal in time.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the processing the ECG signal further includes sampling the scaled pacing signal with an analog to digital converter (ADC) at a low sampling frequency.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the processing the ECG signal further includes detecting pacing pulses from the sampled pacing signal and providing the first channel output based on the detected pacing pulses.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the assessing the mode and function of the pacemaker device includes providing pacing pulse locations based on the detected pacing pulses of the first channel output.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processing the analog ECG signal and the analog ACC signal includes sampling the analog ECG signal with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at a same sampling frequency as the first channel.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processing the analog ECG signal and the analog ACC signal includes sampling the analog ECG signal with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in a similar range of sampling frequency as the first channel.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the processing the analog ECG signal and the analog ACC signal further includes digitally converting the analog ACC signals by the ADC.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the processing the analog ECG signal and the analog ACC signal further includes detecting pacing artifacts based on a combination of the sampled ECG signal and the digital ACC signal.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the detecting pacing artifacts are detected in one or more independent leads of digital ECG based on features extracted from each lead of ECG data.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the processing the analog ECG signal and the analog ACC signal further includes aggregating the detected pacing artifacts of the individual leads.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the processing the analog ECG signal and the analog ACC signal further includes determining a presence or absence of the detected pacing artifact based on a measure of body acceleration derived from the digital ACC signal.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the processing the analog ECG signal and the analog ACC signal further includes attenuating the present pacing artifacts in one or more ECG leads and providing the digital ECG signal without the pacing artifacts.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the assessing the mode and function of the pacemaker device includes detecting fiducial markers of a digital ECG signal including a peak of P wave and QRS complex from the output of the second channel.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein locations of pacing pulses and the fiducial markers of the digital ECG signal are synchronized in time and then overlaid to find a correspondence between the first channel output and the second channel output.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the assessing the mode and function of the pacemaker device further includes applying a window of duration D after and before the pacing pulse locations and the fiducial markers of the digital ECG respectively to determine the presence or absence of an ordered pair of pacemaker pulse (PM) and beat marker (BM), the BM including a peak of QRS or P wave.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the assessing the mode and function of the pacemaker device further includes determining a normal functioning and mode based on different types of correspondences including injective, bijective, and surjective between the PM and the BM, and the pacemaker malfunctioning is identified by non-correspondence, wherein the non-correspondence includes elements in domain of function without corresponding elements in co-domain of the function.
18. A wireless sensor to assess pacemaker modes and function, comprising:
measuring, by an electrode, an analog electrocardiogram (ECG) signal;
measuring, by an accelerometer sensor, an analog accelerometer (ACC) signal;
processing, by a processor, the analog ECG signal in a first channel and providing a first channel output;
processing, by the processor, the analog ECG signal and the ACC signal in a second channel and providing a second channel output; and
assessing, by the processor, a mode and function of a pacemaker device using correspondence measures between the first channel output and the second channel output;
wherein the processing the ECG signal includes extracting energy of pacing pulses using filters tuned to capture spectral content outside ECG frequencies of interest from the ECG signal.
19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, associated with a wireless sensor to assess pacemaker modes and function, storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
measuring an analog electrocardiogram (ECG) signal;
measuring an analog accelerometer (ACC) signal;
processing the analog ECG signal in a first channel and providing a first channel output;
processing the analog ECG signal and the ACC signal in a second channel and providing a second channel output; and
assessing a mode and function of a pacemaker device using correspondence measures between the first channel output and the second channel output;
wherein the assessing the mode and function of the pacemaker device includes detecting fiducial markers of a digital ECG signal including a peak of P wave and QRS complex from the output of the second channel.