Bio-based synthetic fluids
A method is provided involving altering the viscosity of bio-derived paraffins to produce a paraffinic fluid, where the altering step includes chlorinating the bio-derived paraffins; the bio-derived paraffins include a hydrodeoxygenated product produced by hydrodeoxygenating a bio-based feed where the bio-based feed includes bio-derived fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or a combination thereof; the bio-derived paraffins include n-paraffins; and the n-paraffins have a biodegradability of at least 40% after about 23 days of exposure to microorganisms. Also provided are methods of protecting and/or cleaning a substance by applying the paraffinic fluid.
1. A method for producing a paraffinic fluid with selective solvency having a Kauri-Butanol value from about 19 to about 25, an aniline point of about 80° C. or greater, and a kinematic viscosity of less than about 10 cSt at 40° C., the method comprising
hydrodeoxygenating a bio-based feed to produce a hydrodeoxygenated product;
at least partially hydroisomerizing the hydrodeoxygenated product over a bifunctional catalyst at a hydrogen gas-to-oil (GOR) ratio in the range of about 100 NL/L to about 1,000 NL/L and at a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) in the range of about 0.2 hr −1 to about 5 hr −1 to produce a hydroisomerized product with a ratio of isoparaffins-to-normal paraffins in the range of about 1:1 to about 30:1; and
fractionating the hydroisomerized product into different fractionation cuts such that one or more fractionation cuts have
a ratio of isoparaffins-to-normal paraffins in the range of about 1:1 to about 30:1 where at least about 80 wt % of the isoparaffins are mono-methyl branched paraffins and the mono-methyl branched paraffins comprise less than about 30 wt % terminal branched isoparaffins,
a biodegradability of at least about 40% after about 23 days of exposure to microorganisms,
a Kauri-Butanol value from about 19 to about 25,
an aniline point of about 80° C. or greater, and
a kinematic viscosity of less than about 10 cSt at 40° C.;
wherein the bio-based feed comprises bio-derived fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or a combination thereof; and
wherein the paraffinic fluid comprises the one or more fractionation cuts.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-derived fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or a combination thereof comprises algae oils, beef tallow, camelina oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, choice white grease, coconut oil, coffee bean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, fish oils, hemp oil, Jatropha oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, poultry fat, soybean oil, sunflower oil, tall oil, tall oil fatty acid, Tung oil, used cooking oils, yellow grease, products of the food industry, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-derived fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or a combination thereof comprise soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, canola oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts comprise greater than 99 wt % saturates.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts have a pour point of less than −10° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts have a pour point of less than −15° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts have a pour point of less than −20° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts have an aniline point of about 80° C. to about 98° C.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts comprise less than about 0.5 wt % aromatics.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts comprise less than 0.1 wt % aromatics.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts are free of benzene.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts have a flash point above 60° C.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractionation cuts have a ratio of isoparaffins-to-normal paraffins is between about 5:1 and about 20:1.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the paraffinic fluid has a pour point of less than −10° C.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the paraffinic fluid has a biodegradability of at least about 40% after about 23 days of exposure to microorganisms.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the paraffinic fluid has an aniline point of about 80° C. to about 98° C.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the paraffinic fluid has less than about 0.5 wt % aromatics.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the paraffinic fluid has a flash point above 60° C.