Nonwoven web with bimodal fiber distribution
A nonwoven web comprising a layer of polymeric fibers, wherein, based on the total number of polymeric fibers, at least 10% the polymeric fibers in said layer are coarse fibers having a fiber diameter of 4 μm or more, and at least 10% of the polymeric fibers in said layer are fine fibers having a fiber diameter of 2 μm or less. Also described herein is a method for making the nonwoven web, comprising melt-blowing a polymer mixture comprising two immiscible or partially miscible polymers.
1. A method for making a nonwoven web comprising a layer of polymeric fibers, the method comprising:
compounding at least two immiscible or partially miscible polymers comprising a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) to obtain a LCP/PBT alloy;
blending PBT with the LCP/PBT alloy to obtain a polymer mixture; and
melt-blowing the polymer mixture such that based on a total number of polymeric fibers:
at least 25% of the polymeric fibers in the layer are coarse fibers having a fiber diameter of 4 μm or more and at least 25% of the polymeric fibers in the layer are fine fibers having a fiber diameter of 2 μm or less,
the polymeric fibers in the layer have a bimodal distribution of their fiber diameters, comprising a first peak at a first fiber diameter of 2 μm or less, a second peak at a second fiber diameter of 4 μm or more, and a trough at a third fiber diameter between the first fiber diameter and the second fiber diameter, and
10% or less of the polymeric fibers have a fiber diameter within ±0.5 μm of the third fiber diameter, based on the total number of polymeric fibers.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blending is performed by physically blending the at least two immiscible or partially miscible polymers.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer mixture comprises 0.5-30 wt. % LCP.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LCP/PBT alloy comprises 0-40 wt. % LCP and subsequent to blending of the LCP/PBT alloy with the PBT, the polymer mixture comprises 1-30 wt. % PBT and 0.5-10 wt. % LCP.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the melt-blowing is performed by extruding the polymer mixture through a die at: (a) a die temperature in a range of 250-310° C.; (b) an air flow rate in a range of 4-14 m 3 /min; (c) a throughput of the 4-20 kg/hr; (d) a drum collector distance in a range of 10-50 cm; and (e) an extruder speed in a range of 50-120 rpm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein between 30%-40% of the polymeric fibers in the layer are coarse fibers having a fiber diameter between 4 μm and less than 10 μm, and 40%-60% of the polymeric fibers in the layer are fine fibers having a fiber diameter of 2 μm or less.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 25% polymeric fibers in the layer are coarse fibers having a fiber diameter of 5 μm or more, based on the total number of polymeric fibers.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 25% polymeric fibers in the layer are fine fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 μm or less, based on the total number of polymeric fibers.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven web is configured to filter a fluid including each of air, fuel, and a lubricant.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer mixture comprises 1-30 wt. % PBT.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fiber diameters of the polymer fibers have a fiber size distribution ranging from 0.2 μm to 30 μm.
12. A nonwoven web comprising a layer of polymeric fibers formed by the process of:
compounding at least two immiscible or partially miscible polymers comprising a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) to obtain a LCP/PBT alloy;
blending PBT with the LCP/PBT alloy to obtain a polymer mixture; and
melt-blowing the polymer mixture such that based on a total number of polymeric fibers:
at least 25% of the polymeric fibers in the layer are coarse fibers having a fiber diameter of 4 μm or more and at least 25% of the polymeric fibers in the layer are fine fibers having a fiber diameter of 2 μm or less,
the polymeric fibers in the layer have a bimodal distribution of their fiber diameters, comprising a first peak at a first fiber diameter of 2 μm or less, a second peak at a second fiber diameter of 4 μm or more, and a trough at a third fiber diameter between the first fiber diameter and the second fiber diameter, and
10% or less of the polymeric fibers have a fiber diameter within ±0.5 μm of the third fiber diameter, based on the total number of polymeric fibers.
13. The nonwoven web of claim 12 , wherein the blending is performed by physically blending the at least two immiscible or partially miscible polymers.
14. The nonwoven web of claim 12 , wherein the polymer mixture comprises 0.5-30 wt. % LCP.
15. The nonwoven web of claim 12 , wherein the LCP/PBT alloy comprises 0-40 wt. % LCP and subsequent to blending of the LCP/PBT alloy with the PBT, the polymer mixture comprises 1-30 wt. % PBT and 0.5-10 wt. % LCP.
16. The nonwoven web of claim 12 , wherein between 30%-40% of the polymeric fibers in the layer are coarse fibers having a fiber diameter between 4 μm and less than 10 μm, and 40%-60% of the polymeric fibers in the layer are fine fibers having a fiber diameter of 2 μm or less.
17. The nonwoven web of claim 16 , wherein the bimodal distribution of their fiber diameters, comprises a first peak at a first fiber diameter of 2 μm or less, a second peak at a second fiber diameter between 4 μm and less than 10 μm, and a trough at a third fiber diameter between the first fiber diameter and the second fiber diameter.
18. The nonwoven web of claim 12 , wherein the nonwoven web is configured to filter a fluid including each of air, fuel, and a lubricant.
19. The nonwoven web of claim 12 , wherein the polymer mixture comprises 1-30 wt. % PBT.
20. The nonwoven web of claim 12 , wherein the fiber diameters of the polymer fibers have a fiber size distribution ranging from 0.2 μm to 30 μm.