Manufacturing line, process, and sintered article
A manufacturing line includes a tape of green material that is directed through a furnace so that the furnace burns off organic binder material and then partially sinters the tape without the use of a setter board. Sintered articles resulting from the manufacturing line may be thin with relatively large surface areas; and, while substantially unpolished, have few sintering-induced surface defects. Tension may be applied to the partially sintered tape as it passes through a second furnace on the manufacturing line to shape resulting sintered articles.
1. A sintered sheet, comprising:
a first surface, a second surface, and a body extending therebetween, wherein a thickness of the sheet is defined as a distance between the first and second surfaces, a width of the sheet is defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and a length of the sheet is defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width,
wherein the body comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polycrystalline ceramic and synthetic mineral, and wherein the material is in a sintered form, comprising grains fused to one another;
wherein the length of the sheet is greater than or equal to the width of the sheet, and wherein the width of the sheet is greater than five times the thickness of the sheet, the thickness of the sheet being no more than one millimeter;
wherein the first and second surfaces each have a granular profile, wherein the granular profile includes grains with a height in a range from twenty-five nanometers to one-hundred-and-fifty micrometers relative to recessed portions of the first and second surfaces at boundaries between the respective grains;
wherein the sheet has high surface quality such that the first and second surfaces both have at least a square centimeter of area having fewer than ten surface defects from adhesion or abrasion with a dimension greater than five micrometers.
2. The sheet of claim 1 , wherein the thickness is at least 10 micrometers and no greater than 250 micrometers.
3. The sheet of claim 2 , wherein the width is at least 5 millimeters.
4. The sheet of claim 3 , wherein the width is at least 5 centimeters.
5. The sheet of claim 4 , wherein the width is no greater than 20 centimeters.
6. The sheet of claim 4 , wherein the length is at least 10 meters.
7. The sheet of claim 4 , wherein the sheet has a surface area of at least 30 square centimeters.
8. A sintered sheet, comprising:
a first surface, a second surface, and a body extending therebetween, wherein a thickness of the sheet is defined as a distance between the first and second surfaces, a width of the sheet is defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and a length of the sheet is defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width of the sheet,
wherein the body comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polycrystalline ceramic and synthetic mineral, and wherein the material is in a sintered form, comprising grains fused to one another;
wherein the length of the sheet is greater than or equal to the width of the sheet, and wherein the sheet is thin such that the width of the sheet is greater than five times the thickness of the sheet, the thickness of the sheet being less than 200 micrometers;
wherein the first and second surfaces each have a granular profile that includes grains with a height in a range from twenty-five nanometers to one-hundred-and-fifty micrometers relative to recessed portions of the respective surface at boundaries between the grains;
fewer than 10 pin holes having a cross-sectional area of at least a square micrometer per square millimeter of surface on average over the full surface of each of the first and second surfaces.
9. The sheet of claim 8 , wherein the sheet has porosity of at least 10% by volume.
10. The sheet of claim 8 , configured for use in a battery.
11. The sheet of claim 8 , wherein the material comprises lithium.
12. The sheet of claim 8 , wherein the sheet has total transmittance of at least 30% at wavelengths from 300 nm to 800 nm.