Regenerated adsorbent beds for sulfur compound removal
A solvent comprised of (1) a caustic and an alcohol, (2) a caustic and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, or (3) a caustic, an alcohol, and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide may contact an adsorbent bed that has been used to remove sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream to extract adsorbed sulfur compounds from the adsorbent material in the bed to regenerate it. The regenerated adsorbent bed may be reused, either alone or in combination with a liquid-liquid extraction column, to remove sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream.
1. A process for regenerating an adsorbent bed, the process comprising:
contacting the adsorbent bed with an effective amount of regeneration solvent comprising a combination of compounds selected from the group consisting of:
(1) a caustic and an alcohol,
(2) a caustic and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and
(3) a caustic, an alcohol, and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide; and
extracting adsorbed sulfur compounds from the adsorbent bed, wherein the adsorbent bed contains at least 5 grams of adsorbent material.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent material in the adsorbent bed is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, clay, a basic resin, and combinations thereof.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the caustic is a solution of from about 5 wt % caustic in water to a saturated aqueous caustic solution.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the caustic is selected from a group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, lithium carbonate, lithium bicarbonate, and combinations thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is selected from a group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, glycol, polyglycols, and combinations thereof.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium hydroxide is selected from a group consisting of tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, ethyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, and the carbonates and bicarbonates of each quaternary hydroxides above, and combinations thereof.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the regeneration solvent comprises about 50 wt % of a solution of 40 wt % caustic in water and about 50 wt % of a mixture of 12 wt % sodium borohydride and alcohol.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the regeneration solvent comprises about 50 wt % of a solution of 40 wt % caustic in water and about 50 wt % of a mixture of 12 wt % sodium borohydride and quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the regeneration solvent comprises about 25 wt % of a solution of 40 wt % caustic in water, about 50 wt % of a mixture of 12 wt % sodium borohydride and an alcohol, and about 25 wt % quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of regeneration solvent is at least 10 milliliters of the regeneration solvent per 5 grams of adsorbent material in the adsorbent bed.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein, prior to contacting with the regeneration solvent, the adsorbent bed is contacted with a hydrocarbon stream containing sulfur compounds to remove sulfur compounds from the hydrocarbon stream.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the regeneration of the adsorbent bed is performed onsite.
13. A process for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream using a regenerated adsorbent bed, the process comprising:
contacting the hydrocarbon stream containing sulfur compounds with a regenerated adsorbent bed, wherein the regenerated adsorbent bed contains at least 5 grams of regenerated adsorbent material,
at least partially adsorbing the sulfur compounds onto the regenerated adsorbent material and
wherein, prior to contacting with the hydrocarbon stream, regenerating the adsorbent bed by contacting it with at least 10 milliliters per 5 grams of adsorbent material of a regeneration solvent comprising a combination of compounds selected from the group consisting of:
(1) a caustic and an alcohol,
(2) a caustic and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and
(3) a caustic, an alcohol, and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the hydrocarbon stream is selected from a group consisting of refinery feedstock, light petroleum gases (LPG), (iso)butane, (iso)propane, straight run distillates, cracked stocks, hydrotreated materials, finished fuel blends, refinery fuel, flare gas, hydrogen, natural gas, and/or oilfield condensate, and combinations thereof.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein sulfur compounds are selected from a group consisting of thiophenes, benzothiophenes, alkyl sulfides, alkyl disulfides, carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mercaptans, and combinations thereof.
16. The process of claim 13 , wherein, prior to contacting the hydrocarbon stream containing sulfur compounds with a regenerated adsorbent bed, the hydrocarbon stream containing sulfur compounds is contacted with an extraction solvent in a separate vessel.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the extraction solvent comprises a caustic or a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
18. The process of claim 16 , wherein the ratio of extraction solvent to hydrocarbon stream ranges from about 100:1 to about 1:1.
19. The process of claim 17 , wherein the caustic is a solution of from about 5 wt % potassium hydroxide to a saturated potassium hydroxide solution.
20. The process of claim 17 , wherein the quaternary ammonium hydroxide is tetraethylammonium hydroxide.