Multiphase ferrites and composites comprising the same
In an aspect, a multiphase ferrite comprises a Co 2 W phase that is optionally doped with Ru; a CFO phase having the formula Me r “Co 1−r Fe 2+z O 4 , wherein Me” is at least one of Ni, Zn, or Mg, r is 0 to 0.5, and z is −0.5 to 6 0.5; and a CoRu-BaM phase having the formula BaCo x+y Ru y Fe 12−(2/3)x−2y O 19 , wherein x is 0 to 2, y is 0.01 to 2; and the Ba can be partially replaced by at least one of Sr or Ca. In another aspect, a composite can comprise a polymer and the multiphase ferrite. In yet another aspect, a method of making a multiphase ferrite can comprise mixing and grinding a CoRu-BaM phase ferrite and a CFO phase ferrite to form a mixture; and sintering the mixture in an oxygen atmosphere to form the multiphase ferrite.
1. A multiphase ferrite comprising:
a Co 2 W phase that optionally comprises Ru;
a CFO phase having a formula Me r “Co 1−r Fe 2+z O 4 , wherein Me” is at least one of Ni, Zn, or Mg, r is 0 to 0.5, and z is −0.5 to 0.5; and
a CoRu-BaM phase having a formula BaCo x+y Ru y Fe 12−(2/3)x−2y O 19 , wherein x is 0 to 2, y is 0.01 to 2; and the Ba is optionally partially replaced by at least one of Sr or Ca.
2. The multiphase ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the multiphase ferrite comprises:
50 to 95 volume percent of the Co 2 W phase;
1 to 20 volume percent of the CFO phase; and
5 to 50 volume percent of the CoRu-BaM phase;
all based on a total volume of the multiphase ferrite.
3. The multiphase ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the Co 2 W phase comprises Ru.
4. The multiphase ferrite of claim 3 , wherein the Co 2 W phase has the formula BaRu m Co 2 Me n Fe 16−t O 27 , wherein Me comprises at least one of Ni, Zn, Mg, or Co; m is 0 to 1; n is 0 to 2; and t is 0 to 2; or wherein the Co 2 W phase has the formula BaCo 1.88 Fe 16.12 O 27 .
5. The multiphase ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the Ba is partially replaced by at least one of Sr or Ca.
6. A composite comprising:
a multiphase ferrite; and
a polymer;
wherein the multiphase ferrite has
a Co 2 W phase that is optionally doped with Ru;
a CFO phase having a formula Me r “Co 1−r Fe 2+z O 4 , wherein Me” is at least one of Ni, Zn, or Mg, r is 0 to 0.5, and z is −0.5 to 0.5; and
a CoRu-BaM phase having a formula BaCo x+y Ru y Fe 12−(2/3)x−2y O 19 , wherein x is 0 to 2, y is 0.01 to 2; and the Ba is optionally partially replaced by at least one of Sr or Ca.
7. The composite of claim 6 , wherein the composite comprises:
10 to 90 volume percent of the multiphase ferrite; and
10 to 90 volume percent of the polymer;
both based on a total volume of the composite.
8. The composite of claim 6 , wherein the polymer comprises at least one of a fluoropolymer, a polyolefin, a polyurethane, a liquid crystalline polymer, a poly(arylene ether ketone), or a poly(phenylene sulfide).
9. The composite of claim 6 , wherein the composite has at least one of:
a permeability of greater than or equal to 1 at a frequency of 1 to 6 gigahertz;
a permittivity of 6 to 15 at a frequency of 1 to 6 gigahertz;
a magnetic loss tangent tan % of less than or equal to 0.1 at a frequency of 1 to 6 gigahertz; or
a dielectric loss tangent tank of less than or equal to 0.05 at a frequency of 1 to 6 gigahertz.
10. An article comprising the multiphase ferrite of claim 1 .
11. The article of claim 10 , wherein the article is an antenna, filter, inductor, circulator, or phase shifter.
12. The article of claim 10 , wherein the article is a microwave antenna.
13. The article of claim 10 , wherein the article is an antenna operable at a frequency of greater than or equal to 0.1 gigahertz.
14. A method of making the multiphase ferrite of claim 1 , comprising:
mixing and grinding a CoRu-BaM phase ferrite and a CFO phase ferrite to form a mixture; wherein the CoRu-BaM phase ferrite has a formula BaCo x+y Ru y Fe 12−(2/3)x−2y O 19 , wherein x is 0 to 2, and y is 0.01 to 2; and
sintering the mixture in an oxygen atmosphere to form the multiphase ferrite.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising grinding the multiphase ferrite to form a plurality of particulates having a median particle size (D50) by volume of 1 to 50 micrometers and annealing the plurality of particulates at 800 to 1,000° C. for 1 to 10 hours in oxygen.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the sintering occurs at a sintering temperature of 1,000 to 1,300° C., or 1,200 to 1,250° C. for a sintering time of 1 to 20 hours, or 5 to 12 hours.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising forming the CoRu-BaM phase ferrite prior to the mixing; wherein the forming comprises mixing CoRu-BaM precursor compounds comprising Fe, Ba, Co, and Ru; and sintering the CoRu-BaM precursor compounds in an oxygen atmosphere to form the CoRu-BaM phase ferrite.
18. The method of claim 14 , further comprising forming the CFO phase ferrite prior to the mixing; wherein the forming comprises mixing CFO precursor compounds comprising Fe and Co; and sintering the CFO precursor compounds in an oxygen atmosphere to form the CFO phase ferrite.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the mixture comprises 45 to 95 weight percent of the CoRu-BaM phase ferrite and a 5 to 55 weight percent of the CFO phase ferrite, both based on the a weight of the mixture.
20. The method of claim 14 , further comprising mixing the multiphase ferrite with a polymer to form a composite.