Active zonal display illumination using a chopped lightguide

1. An optical device, comprising:

a substrate;

a plurality of optical elements positioned on the substrate, a respective optical element of the plurality of optical elements being configured to redirect light having a first polarization and transmit light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization, the plurality of optical elements including a first optical element located on a first region of the substrate and a second optical element located on a second region of the substrate; and

one or more switchable cells, a respective switchable cell of the one or more switchable cells including optically anisotropic molecules, the one or more switchable cells including a first switchable cell located on a first cell location of the substrate between the first region and the second region of the substrate, wherein:

a first optical element of the plurality of optical elements is configured to:

receive first light;

redirect a first portion of the first light having the first polarization; and

transmit a second portion of the first light having the second polarization toward a first switchable cell of the one or more switchable cells;

the first switchable cell is configured to change the polarization of the second portion of the first light while transmitting the second portion of the first light as second light so that the second light has a polarization that is different from the second polarization, wherein the second light is output, from the first switchable cell, toward a second optical element of the plurality of optical elements; and

the second optical element of the plurality of optical elements is configured to:

receive the second light;

redirect a first portion of the second light having the first polarization; and

transmit a second portion of the second light having the second polarization.

2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:

the one or more switchable cells include a second switchable cell, the second switchable cell is configured to transmit the second portion of the second light as third light while changing the polarization of the second portion of the second light so that the third light has a polarization that is different from the second polarization, wherein the third light is output, from the second switchable cell, toward a third optical element of the plurality of optical elements;

the third optical element of the plurality of optical elements is configured to:

receive the third light;

redirect a first portion of the third light having the first polarization; and

transmit a second portion of the third light having the second polarization;

the second optical element is disposed between the first switchable cell and the second switchable cell; and

the second switchable cell is disposed between the second optical element and the third optical element.

3. The optical device of claim 1 , further comprising:

a light source configured to output illumination light, wherein:

the one or more switchable cells include an initial switchable cell, the initial switchable cell being configured to receive the illumination light and transmit the illumination light as first light while changing the polarization of the illumination light so that the first light has a polarization that is different from the polarization of the illumination light; and

the first optical element is disposed between the initial switchable cell and the first switchable cell.

4. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein a respective switchable cell of the one or more switchable cells is independently controllable.

5. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:

a respective switchable cell of the one or more switchable cells includes optically anisotropic molecules; and

the respective switchable cell is configurable to control a polarization of light transmitted through the respective switchable cell by changing a voltage differential across the respective switchable cell, thereby changing an alignment of the optically anisotropic molecules in the respective switchable cell.

6. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:

a respective optical element of the plurality of optical elements includes a reflective polarizer;

a surface of a respective reflective polarizer forms an angle with respect to a surface of the substrate; and

the respective reflective polarizer is configured to reflect light having the first polarization and to transmit light having the second polarization.

7. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:

a respective optical element of the plurality of optical elements includes a layer of cholesteric optically anisotropic molecules;

an optical surface of a respective layer of cholesteric optically anisotropic molecules is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the substrate; and

the respective layer of cholesteric optically anisotropic molecules is configured to reflect light having the first polarization and to transmit light having the second polarization.

8. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:

a respective optical element of the plurality of optical elements includes a transmissive grating;

the transmissive grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the substrate; and

the transmissive grating is configured to:

transmit and redirect the light having the first polarization; and

transmit light having the second polarization without a change in direction.

9. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:

a respective optical element of the plurality of optical elements includes a reflective grating;

the reflective grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the substrate; and

the reflective grating is configured to:

reflect light having the first polarization; and

transmit light having the second polarization.

10. A display device, comprising:

a light source configured to output illumination light;

a reflective spatial light modulator configured to:

receive at least a portion of the illumination light; and

output modulated light; and

the optical device of claim 1 , wherein the optical device is positioned to:

receive the illumination light;

output at least a portion of the illumination light toward the reflective spatial light modulator;

receive the modulated light output from the reflective spatial light modulator; and

transmit the modulated light output from the reflective spatial light modulator.

11. The display device of claim 10 , wherein the modulated light corresponds to one or more images.

12. The display device of claim 10 , further comprising an output assembly configured to receive the modulated light output from the reflective spatial light modulator and transmitted through the optical device.

13. A method, comprising:

receiving first light at a first optical element;

redirecting a first portion of the first light having a first polarization by the first optical element;

transmitting, through the first optical element, a second portion of the first light having a second polarization toward a first switchable cell, the second polarization being orthogonal to the first polarization;

changing the polarization of the second portion of the first light by transmitting, through the first switchable cell, the second portion of the first light as second light so that the second light has a polarization that is different from the second polarization;

outputting, from the first switchable cell, the second light toward a second optical element;

receiving the second light at the second optical element;

redirecting, by the second optical element, a first portion of the second light having the first polarization; and

transmitting, by the second optical element, a second portion of the second light having the second polarization.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

receiving, at a second switchable cell, the second portion of the second light;

transmitting, through the second switchable cell, the second portion of the second light as third light while changing the polarization of the second portion of the second light so that the third light has a polarization that is different from the second polarization;

outputting, from the second switchable cell, the third light toward a third optical element;

receiving the third light at the third optical element;

redirecting, by the third optical element, a first portion of the third light having the first polarization; and

transmitting, by the third optical element, a second portion of the third light having the second polarization.

15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

outputting illumination light from a light source;

receiving the illumination light at an initial switchable cell;

transmitting, through the initial switchable cell, the illumination light as first light while changing the polarization of the illumination light so that the first light has a polarization that is different from a polarization of the illumination light; and

outputting, from the initial switchable cell, the first light toward the first optical element.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein:

the first optical element includes a reflective polarizer; and

redirecting the first portion of the first light includes reflecting the first portion of the first light at the reflective polarizer.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein:

the first optical element includes a layer of cholesteric optically anisotropic molecules; and

redirecting the first portion of the first light includes reflecting the first portion of the first light by the layer of cholesteric optically anisotropic molecules.

18. The method of claim 13 , wherein:

the first optical element includes a transmissive grating;

redirecting the first portion of the first light includes:

transmitting the first portion of the first light through the transmissive grating; and

diffracting the first portion of the first light with the transmissive grating; and

transmitting, through the transmissive grating, the second portion of the first light includes transmitting the second portion of the first light without a change in direction.

19. The method of claim 13 , wherein:

the first optical element includes a reflective grating; and

redirecting the first portion of the first light includes reflecting the first portion of the first light by the reflective grating.