Ware washing machine with heat pump and modulating valve
A conveyor type ware washing machine uses a heat pump to reduce exhaust heat and to heat incoming water. A modulating valve is used to control incoming water flow through a heat exchanger of the heat pump. Processing circuitry automatically dynamically adjusts the modulating valve between a plurality of open states based on the sensed refrigerant head pressure of the heat pump, so that the refrigerant head pressure is maintained in a predefined range. The ware washing machine is efficient, and reduces the amount of heat exhausted to ambient. Related methods are also disclosed.
1. A ware washing machine, comprising:
a conveyor;
a ware washing cavity;
a rinse section disposed after the ware washing cavity along the conveyor;
a wash tank;
a heat pump; the heat pump comprising:
a first heat exchanger disposed in an exhaust air plenum leading from the ware washing cavity and operative to remove heat from the exhaust air to heat incoming water;
an evaporator section having a second heat exchanger disposed in the exhaust air plenum downstream of the first heat exchanger, and operative to further remove heat from the exhaust air;
a condensing section; and
wherein the heat pump, when operating, has a refrigerant head pressure that varies based on a load placed on the heat pump;
a sensor operative to sense the refrigerant head pressure;
a water supply line for supplying fresh water as the incoming water; the water supply line upstream of the first heat exchanger;
an inlet fluid conduit downstream from the first heat exchanger and leading to the wash tank; wherein the inlet fluid conduit is configured to supply the fresh water to the wash tank without that fresh water being dispensed in the rinse section;
a modulating valve disposed along the inlet fluid conduit and operative to control flow through the inlet fluid conduit; and
processing circuitry operatively connected to the sensor and the modulating valve, and is configured to automatically dynamically adjust the modulating valve between a plurality of open states based on the sensed refrigerant head pressure, so that the refrigerant head pressure is maintained in a predefined range.
2. A ware washing machine,
comprising:
a booster tank;
a ware washing cavity;
a wash tank;
a heat pump; the heat pump comprising:
a first heat exchanger disposed in an exhaust air plenum leading from the ware washing cavity and operative to remove heat from the exhaust air to heat incoming water;
an evaporator section having a second heat exchanger disposed in the exhaust air plenum downstream of the first heat exchanger, and operative to further remove heat from the exhaust air;
a condensing section; and
wherein the heat pump, when operating, has a refrigerant head pressure that varies based on a load placed on the heat pump;
a sensor operative to sense the refrigerant head pressure;
an inlet fluid conduit downstream from the first heat exchanger and leading to the wash tank;
a modulating valve disposed along the inlet fluid conduit and operative to control flow through the inlet fluid conduit; and
processing circuitry operatively connected to the sensor and the modulating valve, and is configured to automatically dynamically adjust the modulating valve between a plurality of open states based on the sensed refrigerant head pressure, so that the refrigerant head pressure is maintained in a predefined range;
wherein the inlet fluid conduit comprises a switching valve assembly receiving inlet water heated by the heat pump and directing the heated inlet water either to the booster tank or the modulating valve;
wherein the ware washing machine has a plurality of operating modes, including a first mode and a second mode, and wherein:
in the first mode, the switching valve assembly directs the heated inlet water to the modulating valve;
in the second mode, the switching valve assembly directs the heated inlet water to the booster tank.
3. The ware washing machine of claim 2 , wherein the processing circuitry is configured to, during the second mode after being in the first mode, adjust the modulating valve to a predetermined open state prior to re-entering the first mode.
4. The ware washing machine of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is configured to dynamically adjust the modulating valve using a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm.
5. The ware washing machine of claim 1 :
further comprising a fluid recirculation path between the wash tank and the heat pump and back to the wash tank;
wherein the recirculation path includes a recirculation pump disposed to receive fluid from the wash tank and pump the fluid to a further heat exchanger of the heat pump.
6. The ware washing machine of claim 1 , further comprising a fan disposed to forcibly exhaust the exhaust air plenum to ambient.
7. The ware washing machine of claim 6 , wherein the fan is variable speed.
8. The ware washing machine of claim 2 :
wherein the ware washing machine further has a third mode;
wherein, in the third mode, the heat pump is operating, incoming water is flowing through the inlet fluid conduit to the wash tank, the modulating valve is being automatically dynamically adjusted between a plurality of open states based on the sensed refrigerant head pressure, and solution is not being sprayed in the ware washing cavity.
9. The ware washing machine of claim 1 :
wherein the heat pump further comprises a third heat exchanger disposed downstream the first heat exchanger with regard to incoming water flow; wherein the third heat exchanger is operative to remove heat from recirculating refrigerant of the heat pump to further heat the incoming water;
wherein the third heat pump is disposed in the condensing section of the heat pump.
10. The ware washing machine of claim 9 , wherein the heat pump further comprises a fourth heat exchanger associated with a desuperheater of the heat pump, and operative to remove heat from the refrigerant to heat solution recirculated from the wash tank.
11. A method of controlling a ware washing machine according to claim 1 ; the method comprising:
automatically dynamically adjusting the modulating valve between a plurality of open states based on the sensed head pressure, so that the head pressure is maintained in a predefined range.
12. The method of claim 11 :
wherein the ware washing machine further comprises a booster tank; wherein the inlet fluid conduit comprises a switching valve assembly receiving inlet water heated by the heat pump and directing the heated inlet water either to the booster tank or the modulating valve;
wherein the ware washing machine has a plurality of operating modes, including a first mode and a second mode, and wherein:
in the first mode, the switching valve assembly directs the heated inlet water to the modulating valve;
in the second mode, the switching valve assembly directs the heated inlet water to the booster tank;
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the switching valve assembly based on which of the plurality of modes the ware washing machine is operating in.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising adjusting, during the second mode after being in the first mode and prior to re-entering the first mode, the modulating valve to a predetermined open state.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the automatically dynamically adjusting the modulating valve comprises automatically dynamically adjusting the modulating valve using a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm.
15. The method of claim 11 :
wherein the ware washing machine further comprises a fluid recirculation path between the wash tank and heat pump and back to the wash tank; wherein the recirculation path includes a recirculation pump disposed to receive fluid from the wash tank and pump the fluid to a further heat exchanger of the heat pump;
further comprising pumping fluid along the fluid recirculation path through the further heat exchanger.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising exhausting air from the washing cavity via the exhaust air plenum by running a fan.
17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising conveying wares through the ware washing cavity via the conveyor.
18. The method of claim 11 :
further comprising removing heat from the exhaust air to heat the refrigerant at the second heat exchanger.
19. The method of claim 18 :
wherein the heat pump further comprises a third heat exchanger associated with a condenser of the heat pump; and
further comprising removing heat from the refrigerant to heat the incoming water, downstream the first heat exchanger, at the third heat exchanger.
20. The method of claim 19 :
wherein the heat pump further comprises a fourth heat exchanger associated with a desuperheater section of the heat pump; and
further comprising removing heat from the refrigerant to heat solution recirculated from the wash tank at the fourth heat exchanger.