Electrostatic charge image developing carrier, electrostatic charge image developer, and image forming apparatus
An electrostatic charge image developing carrier includes: magnetic particles; and a resin layer coating the magnetic particles and containing inorganic particles, in which an average particle diameter of the inorganic particles is 5 nm or more and 90 nm or less, an average thickness of the resin layer is 0.6 μm or more and 1.4 μm or less, and a ratio B/A of a surface area B of the electrostatic charge image developing carrier to a plan view area A of the electrostatic charge image developing carrier is 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less when a surface of the electrostatic charge image developing carrier is three-dimensionally analyzed.
1. An electrostatic charge image developing carrier comprising:
magnetic particles; and
an acrylate resin layer coating the magnetic particles and containing silica particles,
wherein an average particle diameter of the silica particles is 5 nm or more and 90 nm or less,
wherein an average thickness of the resin layer is 0.6 μm or more and 1.4 μm or less, and
wherein a ratio B/A of a surface area B of the electrostatic charge image developing carrier to a plan view area A of the electrostatic charge image developing carrier is 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less when a surface of the electrostatic charge image developing carrier is three-dimensionally analyzed.
2. The electrostatic charge image developing carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio B/A is 1.040 or more and 1.080 or less.
3. The electrostatic charge image developing carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle diameter of the silica particles is 5 nm or more and 70 nm or less.
4. The electrostatic charge image developing carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the average thickness of the resin layer is 0.8 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less.
5. The electrostatic charge image developing carrier according to claim 1 ,
wherein a silicon element concentration on the surface of the electrostatic charge image developing carrier, determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is more than 2 atomic % and less than 20 atomic %.
6. The electrostatic charge image developing carrier according to claim 5 , wherein the silicon element concentration is more than 5 atomic % and less than 20 atomic %.
7. An electrostatic charge image developer comprising:
the electrostatic charge image developing carrier according to claim 1 ; and
an electrostatic charge image developing toner.
8. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 7 , wherein the electrostatic charge image developing toner contains:
toner particles containing an inorganic pigment containing a metal atom; and
an external additive adhered to a surface of the toner particles, and
wherein the ratio B/A is 1.020 or more and 1.110 or less.
9. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 8 , wherein an average particle diameter of the inorganic pigment is 150 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
10. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 8 , wherein an area ratio of convex portions caused by the inorganic pigment on the surface of the toner particles is 0.30% or more and 5.00% or less.
11. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 8 , wherein an average height of the convex portions caused by the inorganic pigment on the surface of the toner particles is 0.05 μm or more and 0.30 μm or less.
12. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 7 , wherein the electrostatic charge image developing toner contains toner particles containing a crystalline resin and contains an external additive adhered to a surface of the toner particles.
13. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 12 , wherein a melting point of the crystalline resin is 65° C. or higher and 90° C. or lower.
14. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 12 , wherein a content of the crystalline resin is 5 mass % or more and 30 mass % or less based on the total toner particles.
15. The electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 12 , wherein a half drop temperature of a flow tester of the toner is 90° C. or higher and 140° C. or lower.
16. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image carrier;
a charging unit configured to charge a surface of the image carrier;
an electrostatic charge image forming unit configured to form an electrostatic charge image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
a developing unit configured to develop the electrostatic charge image as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 7 ;
a transfer unit configured to transfer the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; and
a fixing unit configured to fix the toner image on the surface of the recording medium.