Broad tunable bandwidth radial line slot antenna

1. An antenna comprising:

an aperture having a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements, the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements including three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements, with a distinct RF radiating antenna element from each set of the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements being located together in the aperture as a distinct group, wherein two sets of RF radiating antenna elements of the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements are separately controlled to generate a single beam in a first mode and two beams in a second mode different than the first mode.

2. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the two sets of RF radiating antenna elements are two sets of receive antenna elements that are used together to form a single receive beam in the first mode and two receive beams in the second mode.

3. The antenna of claim 2 wherein available resonant tuning states from the two sets of elements are combined together to form the single receive beam.

4. The antenna of claim 2 wherein available resonant tuning states from the two sets of elements are combined together in one comprehensive Euclidean modulation scheme to form the single receive beam.

5. The antenna of claim 1 wherein a first beam of the two beams can point to a first satellite while a second of the two beams points to a second satellite.

6. The antenna of claim 5 wherein the two beams are two receive beams and further wherein first satellite is a next emerging satellite and a satellite connection to the second satellite is going to be lost as part of make-before-break situation.

7. The antenna of claim 1 wherein in the second mode, the two sets are independently controlled to produce two receive beams and at least one other set of RF radiating antenna elements produces a transmit beam.

8. The antenna of claim 7 wherein beam point information specifies where the two receive beams and the transmit beam are to point, the beam point information to control the receive modulations for first and second sets of receive antenna elements and the transmit modulation for the set of transmit antenna elements, with the receive modulations forming the two beams pointing in different directions.

9. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein each set of antenna elements has a plurality of tuning states and tuning states for the two sets of antenna elements are combined together to form the single beam in a first mode.

10. The antenna defined in claim 2 wherein each of the at least two sets of antenna elements has different resonator settings that are tuned separately from other sets in the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements.

11. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein the two beams are generated simultaneously.

12. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements comprises tunable liquid crystal (LC) material for controlling said each RF radiating antenna element.

13. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements are interleaved with each other.

14. An antenna comprising:

an aperture having a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements, the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements being grouped into three or more sets of the plurality RF radiating antenna elements, with each set being separately controlled, wherein two sets of RF radiating antenna elements of the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements are separately controlled to generate a single beam in a first mode and two beams in a second mode different than the first mode; and

a controller to control the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements, wherein in the first mode, the controller is operable to control two sets independently to produce one receive beam and at least one other set of RF radiating antenna elements to produce a transmit beam, and in the second mode, the controller is operable to control two sets independently to produce two receive beams and at least one other set of RF radiating antenna elements to produce the transmit beam.

15. The antenna of claim 14 wherein available resonant tuning states from the two sets of elements are combined together to form the single receive beam.

16. The antenna of claim 14 wherein available resonant tuning states from the two sets of elements are combined together in one comprehensive Euclidean modulation scheme to form the single receive beam.

17. The antenna of claim 14 wherein a first beam of the two receive beams can point to a first satellite while a second of the two receive beams points to a second satellite.

18. The antenna of claim 17 wherein first satellite is a next emerging satellite and a satellite connection to the second satellite is going to be lost as part of make-before-break situation.

19. The antenna defined in claim 14 wherein RF radiating antenna elements of the plurality of sets of RF radiating antenna elements are located together in groups in the aperture, with each group comprising one RF radiating antenna element from each of the sets of RF radiating antenna elements.

20. The antenna defined in claim 19 where said each group comprises two RF radiating receive antenna elements for use with receiving on receive bands and one transmit RF radiating antenna element for use with transmission on a transmit band, the transmit band being different than the two different receive bands.

21. The antenna defined in claim 20 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band is placed between a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band, the first receive sub-band having a lower frequency than the second receive sub-band.

22. The antenna defined in claim 20 wherein, in each group, a transmit antenna element is between a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band and a second receive antenna element operating with and a second receive sub-band.

23. The antenna defined in claim 20 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band is placed between a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band, the first receive sub-band having a higher frequency than the second receive sub-band.

24. The antenna defined in claim 20 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band, a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band are placed next to each other, with the transmit antenna element being shifted along an axis parallel to the first and second receive antenna elements and toward a center of the aperture.

25. The antenna defined in claim 20 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band, a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band are placed next to each other, with the transmit antenna element being shifted along an axis parallel to the first and second receive antenna elements and outwardly with respect to a center of the aperture.

26. The antenna defined in claim 14 wherein RF radiating antenna elements within each group and the groups of elements are placed to control mutual coupling.