Closed loop control of physiological glucose
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for controlling physiological glucose concentrations in a patient.
1. A system to control glucose in a patient, the system comprising:
a medication delivery device configured to deliver insulin to the patient; and
a controller in communication with the medication delivery device and including control logic operative to:
execute a model predictive controller algorithm to determine a first medication dose of a first type of insulin having a first pharmacokinetic profile, the model predictive controller algorithm includes a plurality of model parameters having a first set of values that are predetermined and associated with the first type of insulin,
determine a change from the first type of insulin to a second type of insulin having a second pharmacokinetic profile, in response to determining a change in a glycemic pattern or detecting a user notification, and
execute the model predictive controller algorithm including the plurality of model parameters having a second set of values that are predetermined and associated with the second type of insulin, in response to the determined change to the second type of insulin, to determine a second medication dose of the second type of insulin, wherein the first pharmacokinetic profile is different than the second pharmacokinetic profile,
wherein the medication delivery device is controlled by the controller to deliver insulin to the patient, according to the determined first medication dose and the determined second medication dose.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second type of insulin is a faster-acting insulin compared to the first type of insulin.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second set of values for the model parameters increases aggressiveness of meal bolus dosing compared to the first set of values for the model parameters.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second set of values for the model parameters includes an increased physiological glucose target compared to the first set of values for the model parameters.
5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second set of values for the model parameters causes an increased basal rate compared to the first set of values for the model parameters.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the control logic is further operative to detect onset of a dawn phenomenon, wherein the second set of values for the model parameters causes an increased basal rate compared to the first set of values for the model parameters, in response to detecting the onset of the dawn phenomenon.
7. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second set of values for the model parameters causes one of increased bolus sizes, delayed insulin suspension, and earlier resumption of insulin delivery compared to the first set of values for the model parameters.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first-executed model predictive controller algorithm includes the plurality of model parameters with a first number of model parameters and the second-executed model predictive controller algorithm includes the plurality of model parameters with a second number of model parameters, the second number of model parameters being equal to the first number of model parameters.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of model parameters include at least one of an insulin sensitivity, an insulin time constant, a meal action time constant, a sensor time constant, an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, an input from a user interface, and a controller gain value.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control logic is further operative to initiate an alarm before executing the model predictive controller algorithm with the plurality of model parameters having the second set of values.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the change in the glycemic pattern is determined by comparing the patient's glucose concentration values with a database's glucose concentration values.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the database's glucose concentration values are associated with insulin pharmacokinetics.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein determining the change in the glycemic pattern includes comparing a current glycemic pattern with a known insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein determining the change in the glycemic pattern includes delivering a pre-determined bolus along with a standardized meal and determining a patent's response to the pre-determined bolus and consumption of the standardized meal.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein determining the change in the glycemic pattern includes comparing values in a database with one of an elapsed time from carbohydrate ingestion and insulin dosing to a maximum reduction in glucose levels, an elapsed time from carbohydrate ingestion and insulin dosing to a half-way point leading up to the maximum reduction in glucose levels, an elapsed time from carbohydrate ingestion and insulin dosing to a half-way point back to baseline following a maximum reduction in glucose levels, an area under a glucose curve over a predetermined period of time, and an area under a glucose curve divided by an area under a glucose curve of insulin delivery.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control logic is further operative to determine the type of insulin in response to a comparison between a current area under a glucose curve (AUC) and a known AUC.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control logic is operative to execute the model predictive controller algorithm at a first interval, wherein the control logic is further operative to subsequently, in response to the determined change in the glycemic pattern and/or a type of medication, execute the model predictive controller algorithm at a second interval different than the first interval.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the second interval is shorter than the first interval upon determining that the patient is using a faster-acting insulin.
19. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control logic is operative to execute the model predictive controller algorithm at a first interval, wherein the control logic is further operative to subsequently, in response to determining a resting state of the patient, execute the model predictive controller algorithms at a second interval different than the first interval.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the second interval is shorter than the first interval upon determining that the patient is awake.
21. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control logic is further operative to: determine a resting state of the patient in response to input from a user interface.
22. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control logic is further operative to: determine a resting state of the patient in response to a time of day.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein the control logic is further operative to: determine the resting state of the patient in response to one of detected meal patterns, lulls in glucose excursions, frequency of access to a user input, and input from a patient's wearable device.
24. The system of claim 1 , wherein the type of medicine is either an ultra-rapid insulin or a fast-acting insulin.
25. The system of claim 24 , wherein the fast-acting insulin includes insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glulisine.
26. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a user interface in communication with the controller and configured to receive input from the patient.
27. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a glucose measurement device in communication with the controller and configured to measure glucose data associated with the patient.
28. A system to control glucose in a patient, the system comprising:
a medication delivery device configured to deliver insulin to the patient; and
a controller in communication with the medication delivery device and including control logic operative to:
execute a model predictive controller algorithm to determine a first medication dose of a first type of insulin having a first pharmacokinetic profile, the model predictive controller algorithm includes a plurality of model parameters having a first set of values that are predetermined and associated with the first type of insulin,
determine a change from the first type of insulin to a second type of insulin having a second pharmacokinetic profile, in response to determining a change in a glycemic pattern or detecting a user notification, and
execute the model predictive controller algorithm including the plurality of model parameters having a second set of values that are predetermined and associated with the second type of insulin, in response to the determined change to the second type of insulin, to determine a second medication dose of the second type of insulin, wherein the first pharmacokinetic profile is different than the second pharmacokinetic profile,
wherein the control logic is further operative to determine the type of insulin in response to a comparison between a current area under a glucose curve (AUC) and a known AUC during a first hour after insulin delivery by the medication delivery device, and
wherein the medication delivery device is controlled by the controller to deliver the determined type of insulin to the patient.