High sensitive phase selection method
A method can be used for phase selection using multi-terminal measurements of a transmission line of a power system. The method includes obtaining, using measurements from a plurality of terminals of the transmission line, delta differential current values ΔI diffA (t), ΔI diffB (t), ΔI diffC (t), at time t, between pre-fault differential current measurements and post-fault differential current measurements from all three phases (A, B, C) of the transmission line. The method also includes determining at least one of the phases to be faulty when the absolute value of the corresponding delta differential current value is larger than k times the minimum of all the absolute values IΔI diffA (t)|, |ΔI diffB (t)|, |ΔI diffC (t)| of the delta differential current values, where k>1 is a scale factor.
1. A method for phase selection using multi-terminal measurements of a transmission line of a power system, the method comprising:
obtaining, using measurements from a plurality of terminals of the transmission line, delta differential current values ΔI diffA (t), ΔI diffB (t), ΔI diffC (t), at time t, between pre-fault differential current measurements and post-fault differential current measurements from all three phases (A, B, C) of the transmission line; and
determining at least one of the phases to be faulty when the absolute value of the corresponding delta differential current value is larger than k times the minimum of all the absolute values IΔI diffA (t)|, IΔI diffB (t)|, IΔI diffC (t)| of the delta differential current values, where k>1 is a scale factor.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ΔI diffA (t)=I diffA (t)−I diffA (t−T), and ΔI diffB (t)=I diffB (t)−I diffB (t−T), and ΔI diffC (t)=I diffC (t)−I diffC (t−T), where T is a time delay factor, and where I diffA (t), I diffB (t), I diffC (t) are the post-fault differential current measurements and I diffA (t−T), I diffB (t−T), I diffC (t−T) are the pre-fault differential current measurements.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein T is identical to a period of fundamental frequency of the transmission line.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the power system operates at a fundamental frequency of 60 Hz and T=16.67 ms.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the power system operates at a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz and T=20 ms.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein k≥3.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein 1<k≤3.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phase is determined to be faulty only when the absolute value of the corresponding delta differential current value also is larger than a current threshold.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the current threshold is a factor x times a nominal current value of the transmission line, where 0.05≤x≤0.1.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phase selection is applied for zero sequence current line differential protection and negative sequence current line differential protection.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phase selection is applied for distance relay or over current relay in a line differential protection device.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phase selection is performed by a phase selection unit.
13. An apparatus for use in phase selection of a transmission line of a power system, the apparatus comprising processing circuitry, the processing circuitry being configured to cause the apparatus to:
obtain, using measurements from at least two terminals of the transmission line, delta differential current values ΔI diffA (t), ΔI diffB (t), ΔI diffC (t) at time t between pre-fault differential current measurements and post-fault differential current measurements from three phases A, B, C of the transmission line; and
determine at least one of the three phases to be faulty when the absolute value of the corresponding delta differential current value is larger than k times the minimum of all the absolute values |ΔI diffA (t)|, IΔI diffB (t)|, IΔI diffC (t)| of the delta differential current values, where k>1 is a scale factor.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein ΔI diffA (t)=I diffA (t)−I diffA (t−T), and ΔI diffB (t)=I diffB (t)−I diffB (t−T), and ΔI diffC (t)=I diffC (t)−I diffC (t−T), where T is a time delay factor, and where I diffA (t), I diffB (t), I diffC (t) are the post-fault differential current measurements and I diffA (t−T), I diffB (t−T) are the pre-fault differential current measurements.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the power system operates at a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz and T=20 ms.
16. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the power system operates at a fundamental frequency of 60 Hz and T=16.67 ms.
17. The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein k≥3.
18. The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein 1<k≤3.
19. An intelligent electronic device, comprising the apparatus according to claim 13 .
20. The intelligent electronic device according to claim 19 , wherein the intelligent electronic device is a protective relay.
21. A phase selection unit for phase selection using multi-terminal measurements of a transmission line of a power system, the phase selection unit comprising:
means for obtaining, using measurements from at least two terminals of the transmission line, delta differential current values ΔI diffA (t), ΔI diffB (t), ΔI diffC (t) at time t between pre-fault differential current measurements and post-fault differential current measurements from three phases A, B, C of the transmission line; and
means for determining at least one of the three phases to be faulty when the absolute value of the corresponding delta differential current value is larger than k times the minimum of all the absolute values IΔI diffA (t)|, IΔI diffB (t)|, IΔI diffC (t)| of the delta differential current values, where k>1 is a scale factor.
22. The phase selection unit according to claim 21 , wherein the means for obtaining and the means for determining comprise processing circuitry capable of executing software instruction stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium, the processing circuit comprising a central processing unit (CPU), a multiprocessor, a microcontroller, or a digital signal processor (DSP).
23. The phase selection unit according to claim 21 , wherein the means for obtaining and the means for determining comprise an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
24. A computer program product for use in phase selection using multi-terminal measurements of a transmission line of a power system, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium on which computer code is stored, the computer code, when run on processing circuitry of a phase selection unit, causes the phase selection unit to:
obtain, using measurements from a plurality of terminals of the transmission line, delta differential current values ΔI diffA (t), ΔI diffB (t), ΔI diffC (t) at time t between pre-fault differential current measurements and post-fault differential current measurements from three phases A, B, C of the transmission line; and
determine at least one of the three phases to be faulty when the absolute value of the corresponding delta differential current value is larger than k times the minimum of all the absolute values IΔI diffA (t)|, IΔI diffB (t)|, IΔI diffC (t)| of the delta differential current values, where k>1 is a scale factor.