Fluoropolymer powder adapted for rapid prototyping by laser sintering
The invention relates to a composition based on a thermoplastic fluoropolymer powder, in particular on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with improved flowability, particularly suitable for manufacturing parts by 3D laser sintering. The invention also relates to a method for agglomerating powder layer by layer, by melting or sintering using said composition. The invention finally relates to a three-dimensional article obtained by implementing said method.
1. A composition comprising a thermoplastic fluoropolymer powder and a hydrophobic flow agent, in which the fluoropolymer powder has a particle size defined by a Dv50 of between 25 and less than or equal to 120 um, a Dv90 of less than or equal to 200 μm and a Dv10 of less than or equal to 25 μm, wherein said hydrophobic flow agent is selected from the group consisting of: precipitated silicas, fumed silicas, vitreous silicas, and pyrogenic silicas.
2. The composition of claim 1 , in which the fluoropolymer is a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of: vinyl fluoride; vinylidene fluoride; trifluoroethylene; chlorotrifluoroethylene; 1,2-difluoroethylene; tetrafluoroethylene; hexafluoropropylene; perfluoro (alkyl vinyl) ethers; perfluoro (1,3-dioxole); perfluoro (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole); the product of formula CF2-CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X in which X is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; the product of formula F(CF2)nCH2OCF═CF2 in which n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the product of formula R1CH2OCF═CF2 in which R1 is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is equal to 1, 2, 3 or 4; the product of formula R2OCF═CH2 in which R2 is F(CF2)p and p is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutyl ethylene (PFBE); 3,3,3-trifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene.
3. The composition of claim 1 , in which said fluoropolymer is a polymer comprising units derived from vinylidene fluoride, and is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride homopolymer and copolymers comprising at least 75 mol % of units derived from vinylidene fluoride and the remainder of the units derived from at least one other comonomer chosen from: vinyl fluoride; trifluoroethylene; chlorotrifluoroethylene; 1,2-difluoroethylene; tetrafluoroethylene; hexafluoropropylene; perfluoro (alkyl vinyl) ethers; perfluoro (1,3-dioxole); perfluoro (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole), and mixtures thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 , in which said fluoropolymer is chosen from the group consisting of copolymers of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, of hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, of tetrafluoroethylene and a monomer from the family of perfluoro (alkyl vinyl) ethers.
5. The composition of claim 1 , in which said fluoropolymer has a viscosity of less than or equal to 1600 Pa·s measured at a temperature of 232° C. and at a shear rate of 100 s −1 according to the standard ASTM D3825.
6. The composition of claim 1 , in which the fluoropolymer powder has a particle size defined by a Dv90 of less than or equal to 150 μm.
7. The composition of claim 1 , in which said fluoropolymer has a number-average molecular mass ranging from 5 kDa to 200 kDa.
8. The composition of claim 1 , in which the weight proportion of flow agent is between 0.01% and 5% of the total weight of the composition.
9. The composition of claim 1 , consisting of a fluoropolymer and a hydrophobic flow agent.
10. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising up to 50% by weight of one or more additives selected from the group consisting of dyes, pigments for coloring, pigments for infrared absorption, carbon black, fire-retardant additives, glass fibers, carbon fibers, antioxidant stabilizers, light stabilizers, impact modifiers, antistatic agents and flame retardants.
11. A process for manufacturing a three-dimensional object, said process comprising the steps of providing the composition of claim 1 in powder form, laser sintering said composition in powder form to obtain a three-dimensional object.
12. A three-dimensional object obtained by the process of claim 1 .
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said flow agent is a hydrophobic fumed silica.
14. The composition of claim 1 , in which the fluoropolymer powder has a particle size defined by a Dv50 of between 25 and 100 micrometers.
15. The composition of claim 1 , in which the weight proportion of flow agent is between is between 0.01% and 0.2% of the total weight of the composition.