Modified cellulose-based natural binder for nonwoven fabrics
Aqueous cellulosic binder comprising modified cellulose (carboxymethylcellulose and/or sodium carboxymethylcellulose), water, and optionally binder modifier (crosslinking agent and/or wet strength agent); with a weight ratio of water modified cellulose of 99.9:0.1 to 1,000:500, with a weight ratio of binder modifier:modified cellulose of 1:2 to 1:1,000; wherein crosslinking agent comprises carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups; and wherein wet strength agent comprises a reactive functional group (halide, chloride, fluoride, hydroxyl). A method of making aqueous cellulosic binder comprising contacting modified cellulose with water to form modified cellulose solution; and optionally contacting modified cellulose solution with binder modifier to form aqueous cellulosic binder. A nonwoven fabric comprising fiber web (85-99.9 wt. %); and cured cellulosic binder (0.1-15 wt. %). An article formed from the nonwoven fabric. A method of making nonwoven fabric comprising forming fiber web; contacting web with aqueous cellulosic binder to form binder impregnated fiber web; and curing to form the nonwoven fabric.
1. An aqueous cellulosic binder comprising a modified cellulose, water, a wet strength agent, an electrolyte and a crosslinking agent; wherein the aqueous cellulosic binder is characterized by a weight ratio of water to modified cellulose of from about 99.9:0.1 to about 1,000:500; wherein a weight ratio of the crosslinking agent to the modified cellulose ranges from about 1:2 to about 1:1,000; wherein the modified cellulose comprises carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and/or sodium carboxymethylcellulose (sodium CMC); wherein the crosslinking agent comprises a carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups; and wherein the wet strength agent comprises at least one reactive functional group selected from the group consisting of a halide group, a hydroxyl group, and combinations thereof.
2. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous cellulosic binder is a sprayable aqueous solution.
3. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 1 , wherein the wet strength agent is present in the aqueous cellulosic binder in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
4. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 1 , further comprising a softening agent in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
5. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 4 , wherein the softening agent comprises an anionic surfactant, glycerol, a polyethylene emulsion, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, butylene glycol, a fatty alcohol ethoxylate, sodium lauryl sulfate, a silicone-based softener, a nanomaterials-based softener, or combinations thereof.
6. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous cellulosic binder is biodegradable.
7. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 1 , wherein the halide group is a chloride group or a fluoride group.
8. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups is citric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, malic acid, or polyacrylic acid.
9. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups is citric acid.
10. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 1 , wherein
the aqueous cellulosic binder comprises the modified cellulose in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 50 wt. %,
the aqueous cellulosic binder comprises the crosslinking agent in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %,
the aqueous cellulosic binder comprises the wet strength agent in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, and
the aqueous cellulosic binder comprises the electrolyte in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
11. The aqueous cellulosic binder of claim 1 , further comprising an electrolyte in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, wherein the electrolyte comprises NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 ), MgCl 2 , AlCl 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , Al 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , CaSO 4 , alum, or combinations thereof.
12. A method of making an aqueous cellulosic binder, the method comprising:
(i) contacting a modified cellulose with water and an electrolyte to form a modified cellulose solution; and
(ii) contacting at least a portion of the modified cellulose solution with a binder modifier to form the aqueous cellulosic binder, wherein
the binder modifier comprises a crosslinking agent and/or a wet strength agent, the crosslinking agent comprising a carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups and the wet strength agent comprising at least one reactive functional group selected from the group consisting of a halide group, a hydroxyl group, and combinations thereof,
the aqueous cellulosic binder is characterized by a weight ratio of binder modifier to modified cellulose ranging from about 1:2 to about 1:1,000,
the modified cellulose comprises CMC and/or sodium CMC, and
the electrolyte comprises NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 ), MgCl 2 , AlCl 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , Al 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , CaSO 4 , alum, or combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the binder modifier comprises the crosslinking agent.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the binder modifier comprises the wet strength agent.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the binder modifier comprises the crosslinking agent and the wet strength agent.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the halide group is a chloride group or a fluoride group.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous cellulosic binder is characterized by a weight ratio of electrolyte to modified cellulose ranging from about 1:10 to about 1:1,000.