Methods and systems for controlling emissions from wood drying processes
Methods and systems for obtaining exhaust streams from wood drying processes and controlling emissions in exhaust streams from wood drying processes are provided. Methods and systems can include pre-treatment steps, such as removing particulate matter and/or heating a process exhaust stream from a wood dryer, in order to obtain an exhaust stream that is suitable for downstream recovery of terpenes from said exhaust stream. Exhaust streams can be contacted with a sorbent to remove volatile organic compounds, and other emissions, generating a purified air stream that is able to be released into the environment without further purification or oxidation.
1. A system for controlling emissions from a wood drying process, comprising:
an exhaust stream from a wood drying process, the exhaust stream comprising one or more of particulate wood matters, terpenes, formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, acetone, or fatty acids; and
an adsorber, coupled to the exhaust stream, the adsorber configured to contain a sorbent for capturing the one or more of particulate wood matters terpenes, formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, acetone, or fatty acids from the exhaust stream to generate a purified air stream containing less than 10 wt % of the one or more of particulate wood matters terpenes, formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, acetone, or fatty acids in the exhaust stream;
a desorber coupled to the adsorber and configured to desorb the one or more particulate wood matters, terpenes, formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, acetone, or fatty acids captured by the sorbent; and
a side stream reactivator configured to reactivate a portion of spent sorbent within the system, the side stream reactivator coupled to the desorber, the adsorber or both the adsorber and the desorber.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a vent for releasing the purified air stream into the atmosphere.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the adsorber is configured to house a fluidized bed comprising the sorbent and the exhaust stream.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the adsorber is configured to house two or more fluidized beds arranged in series or in parallel.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent comprises activated carbon.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein spent activated carbon is thermally reactivated within the side stream reactivator.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the side stream reactivator is configured to reactivate between about 0.1% to about 10% of spent activated carbon per day.
8. The system of claim 5 , wherein the sorbent apparent density is between about 0.6 g/mL to about 0.86 g/mL.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the sorbent apparent density is between about 0.78 g/mL to about 0.80 g/mL.
10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a hopper, coupled to the adsorber, the hopper configured to provide the sorbent to the adsorber.
11. The system of claim 10 , further comprising an air inlet stream, coupled to the hopper, the inlet stream configured to dry sorbent within the hopper.
12. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a system for recycling all or a portion of the purified air stream to the adsorber to maintain a flow rate through the adsorber.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the flow rate through the adsorber is maintained within a variation of about 20% or less.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the flow rate through the adsorber is maintained within a variation of about 10% or less.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the adsorber has an operating temperature of between about 130° F. to about 220° F.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein an amount of particulate matter in the exhaust stream is reduced by at least about 50% on a grains per dry standard cubic foot basis.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein an amount of methanol and/or formaldehyde in the exhaust stream is reduced by at least about 10%.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the purified air stream comprises less than about 200 ppm volatile organic compounds as measured as total hydrocarbons on a propane calibration basis.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the purified air stream comprises less than about 25 ppm volatile organic compounds as measured as total hydrocarbons on a propane calibration basis.
20. The system of claim 1 , wherein the purified air stream comprises less than about 10 ppm formaldehyde, methanol, phenol, acrolein, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde as measured as total hydrocarbons on a propane calibration basis.
21. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system does not include a regenerative thermal oxidizer.
22. The system of claim 1 , wherein the purified air stream comprises less than about 150 mg/dscm of total particulate matter.
23. The system of claim 1 , wherein the purified air stream meets regulatory requirements for release directly into the environment.
24. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least adsorber is directly coupled to the at least one desorber.
25. The system of claim 1 , wherein the side stream reactivator is directly coupled to the at least adsorber and the at least one desorber.
26. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one desorber is configured to thermally desorb the one or more particulate wood matters, terpenes, formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, acetone, or fatty acids from the sorbent.