Method for analysing hydrocarbons

1. A method for analysing a sample of hydrocarbons, comprising:

implementing a gas chromatography separation according to a first controlled temperature profile, to separate the sample into analytes; and

detecting at least one of said analytes by measurement of a variation of a resonance frequency of at least one resonator of nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) type covered with a functional layer made to vibrate at the resonance frequency thereof, under an effect of an adsorption or desorption of the at least one of said analytes by the functional layer,

wherein the at least one resonator is subjected to a second controlled temperature profile, lower than the first profile,

wherein the at least one resonator is encapsulated in a temperature regulated chamber, said chamber comprising a temperature regulating unit configured to make the temperature vary inside the chamber in a controlled manner so as to subject the at least one resonator to the second controlled temperature profile,

wherein a chromatography column used in the gas chromatography separation is encapsulated in a chamber thermally decoupled from the chamber in which the at least one resonator is encapsulated.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature difference between the first profile and the second profile is comprised between 5 and 150° C.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the first profile evolves between 50 and 400° C.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the second profile evolves between 0 and 350° C.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein detecting the at least one of said analytes further comprises measuring a variation of a resonance amplitude of the at least one resonator.

6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein a molecular composition of the at least one of said analytes is deduced from the measurement of the variation of the resonance frequency of the at least one resonator.

7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein a fluidic characteristic of the at least one of said analytes is further deduced from the measurement of the variation of the resonance amplitude of the at least one resonator.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises carbon chains having between 16 and 40 carbon atoms.

9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising analyzing said at least one of said analytes by a catharometer arranged in a same fluidic conduit as the at least one resonator.

10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising implementing a processing to subtract a base line of a blank response of the at least one resonator measured in the absence of circulation of a fluid at the second controlled temperature profile from a base line of a response of the at least one resonator when exposed to the at least one of said analytes at the second controlled temperature profile.

11. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising measuring a variation of a resonance frequency of at least one second resonator, called reference resonator, subjected to the same second temperature profile as the at least one resonator but not exposed to the at least one of said analytes, and implementing a processing configured to subtract from a response signal of the at least one resonator exposed to the at least one of said analytes a response signal of the reference resonator.

12. A method for comparing two petroleum fractions, wherein the method according to claim 1 is implemented to analyse a composition of each of said fractions.

13. A method for assaying a determined compound in a sample of hydrocarbons, wherein the method according to claim 1 is implemented to detect said compound within the sample of hydrocarbons.

14. A method for assaying a determined hydrocarbon in water, wherein the method according to claim 1 is implemented to detect said hydrocarbon within a water sample.

15. A drilling tool or autonomous vehicle for an exploitation of hydrocarbons and/or underwater exploration, comprising an analysis system for implementing the method according to claim 1 , said system comprising:

a gas chromatography column, arranged in a first temperature controlled chamber,

a resonator of nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) type arranged in a fluidic conduit at an outlet of the chromatography column, said resonator comprising a functional layer, the fluidic conduit being arranged in a second temperature controlled chamber, and

a reading device suited to make the resonator vibrate at the resonance frequency thereof and to measure a variation of said resonance frequency under the effect of the adsorption or the desorption of the at least one of said analytes by the functional layer,

the first and the second chambers being thermally decoupled from each other, each chamber comprising a temperature regulating unit, said regulating units being configured to vary the temperature in their respective chamber according to the first controlled temperature profile and to the second controlled temperature profile, respectively.

16. The tool or vehicle according to claim 15 , wherein the analysis system further comprises a catharometer arranged in the fluidic conduit, upstream or downstream of the resonator.

17. The tool according to claim 15 , wherein the regulating unit of the second chamber comprise a heating element arranged inside the second chamber, and an active cooling system.

18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature difference between the first profile and the second profile is comprised between 30 and 100° C.

19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature difference between the first profile and the second profile is comprised between 40 and 60° C.

20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said regulating unit comprises: a heating element arranged inside the chamber in which the at least one resonator is encapsulated, and an active cooling system.